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HomeMy WebLinkAboutResolution - City Council - 79-320 - 1979-08-07ft*00A010 "q 00d by AWL Public Works �%X01,00-00vil. Cow B FORE THE COUNCIL CF THE CITY OF FRESNO 8=7360 PoR 9_ STATE OF CALIFORNIA t RESOLUTION NC. 79 a 32 0 ���� � �� � ..2� o A RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FRESNO DECLARING ITS INTENT TO MAINTAIN CONSISTENCY -WITH, �� , ACKNOWLEDGE,, ADHERE TO, AND IMPLEMENT MEASURES r� IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE FINAL, DRAFT 208 A:R AWIDE WATER QUALITY PLAN FOR THE FRESNO--CLOVIS URBAN AND r x NORTHEAST FRESNO COUNTY" AREA. WHEREAS, the Federal Water Polluti�an Control act Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500) were endorsed by Congress with the pr, ar;�r purpose of restoring and maintain- ing the chemicalo physical., and biological integrity of the ! nation's wastes and eliminating ng Pollutant discharges by 1985; and WHEREAS, Federal, funding has been provided through the provisions of Section 208 of Public Law 92-500 for area - wide water quality manage ent planning toward achievement of the 1985 zero Pollutant discharge national goal.- and WHEREAS, the Fresno -Clovis Urban and Northeast Fresno County 208 a,reawide plan as shown in Volume it the Executive Report; VolLune II f the support document, and. Volume III, the Environmental, Study r has been developed to provide a viable management and implementation program to solve locally identified water duality problems; and WHEREAS, the City has participated in and been an integral part of the entire plan development process and desires to mainta.iA Local areawide planning consistency, and has considered the environmental study for the plan- and WHEREAS, on July 17, 1979, a Public Hearing on said 208 areawide plan was held before representatives of the City of Clovis, the City of Fresno, the County of Fresno, the Fresno Irrigation District and the Fresno Metropolitan Flood. Contarol. District; and WHEREAS, said plan,provides for a "meet and. confer" process by the above five agencies to set forth the males of each agency as they, relate to the best water management practices for the Plan Area.- and. AECORM IN OFFICIAL RECORDS OP FRESNO COUNTY, CALIFORNIk a g r -2 IVJ51 ?Art 7160 PAcE 640 WHEREAS, at said Pubic Hearing it was determined by those present that the County of Fresno would serve as interim coordinating ag a cy during the "met and confer" process. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Council of the City of Fresno declares its intent to maintain consistency with, acknowledge, and adhere to the Final. Draft. 208 Plan m as amended in July 1979 as shown in the Executive Report Volume I, for the Fresno -Clovis Urban and Northeast Fresno County Pxea, and all its elements, and appendices. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED,, that the Council of the City of Fresno recognizes and agrees to implement the 208 Plan measures as expressed within Attachment "A" the Executive Report, Volume I, hereby made a part of this resolution. BE IT FURTHER. RESOLVED, that the Council of the City of Fresno agrees to the County of Fresno serving as the interim coordinating agency, and the County' Director of Public Works serving as interim Manager BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the city Clerk shall cause a certified copy of this resolution to be recorded in the office of the County Recorder of the County of Fresno, CLE K E S CERTIFICATION STATE OF-CALIFORNIA COUNTY OF FRESNO s s . CITY OF FRESNO I, JA.CQUELINE L. RYLEF City Clerk of the City of Fresno, certify that the foregoing resolution was adopted by the Council of the City of Fresno, California, at a regular meeting held on the 7th day of A yo s t t 1979 JACQUELINE L. RYLE City Clem By x N r DLTtjh 7/31 /79 �� ya > ^\. �.. x ... .... : ...... ,.. .. . . . ,. .. . . . , RZ0—Z ADDENDA TO JUNE, 1979 VOLUME I BOOR ma 642 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY L It00 1 Title page should read „Executive Report' in lieu of GMcdZ,WHSummaryA" 2. 0n Page I-25 add to second paragraph under Storm Water Recharge the following sentences: "Presently the long-term impact of recharging canal water in storm runoff basins is largely unknown. This practice should notbemade a permanent element of the groundwater management system until sufficient data are available to demonstrate that this practice will not have an adverse impact on groundwater quality." 3. 0n Page I--39 add the following phrase to Recommended Action 5: "provided the Environmental Protection Agency provides funding for such monitoring." 4 On Page 1-55 related to coordinated actions for the management authority, add the following; 10. Future actions that might be established by the management authority include the following: a. Develop Dry Creek Reservoir for storage of water delivered in off --season by existing canals, with required extensions for delivery down Dry Creek for infiltration. b. If water entitlement can be obtained, locate recharge areas with conjunctive well fields in existing rural residential area northeast of the Enterprise Canal. Construct surface conveyance system as required. c. Within the Fresno Irrigation District entitlement, area, develop necessary surface conveyance facilities to provide surface irrigation water to _lands, 5. an Page I-57 related to recommended actions for the City of Fresno, add the following: 18. Utilize surface water for irrigation by large water users such as California State University at Fresno, public parks, public golf courses, etc where existing canal systems are available. 19, Continue to utilize all presently implemented best management techniques in Table 1. (Pages 1-48 through 49 a � GOC%AVWBOARD MEMBERS limaf)44 g JUG FRESNO CITY COUNCIL CLOVIS CITY COUNCIL - 1'4 Y} � Mayor Daniel K. Whitehurst FRg!g Mayor Gene Papenheusen Councilman Leenel Alvarado Councilman Harry Armstrong Councilman Dale DoiD Councilwoman Peggy Bos` Councilwoman Linda Mack Councilman Dennis Prindiville Councilman Joe Reich Councilman Jeff Reich Councilman Joe Williams Councilman Ted C. Wills FRESNO COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS Supervisor William "Bill" Johnson, Chairman Supervisor Bruce Bronzan Supervisor John Donaldson Supervisor Harry Huey Supervisor Sharon: L.ev, FRESNO IRRIGATION DISTRICT FRESNO METROPOLITAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT Alvin J. Quist, President George Ilg, Chairman Roland C. Nale, slice President Clinton Beery Ferdinand A. Preuss Jack Lansman Winston C. Strong, Sharon Levy Garvin H. White James Martin Bob O'Dell Joe Reich Clint Thaxter Gary Yamamoto ------------------ Walter N. Clark, Assistant Director Fresno County Public Works Department Project Manager William H. Crooks, Jr. Assistant Executive Officer California Re ional Water Quality -Control Board Central Valley Region, Sacramento Project Director =643 6. On Rage I-69 related to recommended actions for the City of Clovis, add the following: 17. Utilize surface water for irrigation by large water users such as public parks, public golf courses, etc. where existing canal systems are -available. 18. Emit nub t© utilize all presentl -implemented best management techni- ques as identified in Table 1.` Pages 1-48 through 49} 7. On Page I-71 related to recommended actions for the County of Fresno, add the following. 21. Utilize surface water for irrigation by 'urge water users such as public parks, public golf courses, etc. where existing canal systems are available. 22. Continue to utilize all presently implemented best management techni- ques as identified in Table 1, (Pages I-48 through'49) 8. On Page 1-73 related to recommended actions for area water purveyors, add the following: 4 To review its current groundwater monitoring program and seek ways in which to assure that testing procedures, including sampling and labora- tory analysis work, are carried out in a manner that assures maximum reliability. 5. To have all area water agencies contract with the Fresno Irrigation District, Mate of California ; and/or Bureau of Reclamation for all surface waters which can be beneficially used. CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS CALIFORNIA REGIONAL WATER QUALITY COUNTY OF FRESND CONTROL BOARD FRESND Beard of Supervisors. William Baldwin, Supervising Water Resource Central Engineer Joyce Brandon, Clerk to the Sargent Green Beard of Supervisors Laren Harlow James Wolfson County Counsel's {office, Floyd R. B. Viau, County Counsel CALIFORNIA REGIONAL WATER QUALITY Thomas Riggs CONTROL BOARD, CENTRAL VALLEY REGION, SACRAMENTiI Farm and None Advisor: William H. Croaks, Jr., Assistant Executive Officer William 4ambleton, County G. L. Boggs Director Planning Department CITY OF CLCVIS Donald Livingston, Director Alan Goodman, City Manager Eldred glissl,.Natural Resources Leon Lancaster, Director of Coordinator Public Works Richard >Ballantyne John Wright, Director of Planning Robert Cervantes Stephen Nogg Kerry McCants CITY OF FRESND . ,... Public Health Department, Environ - Department of Plannz,�g & Inspection.- mental Health System: George Kerber,, Director Clayton Auernheimer, Deputy Jan Ruhl Director Al Solis Glen Biel Gary Caron Jan Krancher Department of Public Works James Martin, Director Public Works Department, Daniel Trafican Clinton Beery, Director Walter N. Clark Tim Cockrum Francis Coward Al Steele K. D « Smarts B97360 w 646 CONSOLIDATED IRRIGATION DISTRICT INDIVIDUALS CONTRIBUTING AT PUBLIC Ray Lutner, District Manager r HEARINGS Vernon Conrad, California Farm Bureau Glen Dorfineier Den Petrucell FRESNO-CLOVIS.METROPOLITAN WATER Maurice Strantz AGENCIES JOINT COMMITTEE 4 Harry Armstrong, Chairman KINGS RIVER CONSERVATION DISTRICT Larry Howard FRESNO COUNTY WATER ADVISORY John Matsuoka COMMITTEEBob Mount Winston C. Strong, Chairman LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF FRESNO FRESNO COUNTY WATERWORKS DISTRICTS Jane Worsley, President Mary Sacral a Floyd Anderson, District Manager Barbara Tokmak an Joe Raikes, District Manager Dave Duncan Richard Hargrave, Attorney PRIVATE CONSULTANTS Rare Gruno, Fred N. Rabe Engineering, FRESNO IRRIGATION DISTRICT Incorporated Paul Willzson, District Manager games Provost, Provost and Pritchard Howard Keck Engineering Galen McKnight, Attorney Kenneth D. Schmidt Groundwater Quality Consultant FRESNO METROPOLITAN FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL Douglas Harrison, General Manager PROTECTION AGENCY Cecil Leonardo Mark Metcalf, 208 Program Manager, Central Valley Jov to Pa+Jarillo FRESNO MOSQUITO, ABATEMENT DISTRICT James Caton, District Manager ...:. .... .. wox7 - , TABLE OF CONTENTS Pa Preface • M. . r . • r • . » # s .. • • ♦ r. r . • i r. # . i • # f ..� - CHAPTERI": Sufliflaiy f. i • +R i{ s t ! 4 CHAPTER I I Introduction. • . rt » r » r r r ♦ . » » 1-8 A. The "208" Planning Program . . ♦ • 1-8 B. The Local "208" Planning Process p 1-8 C. Coals and Objectives I-10 CHAPTER III,. Existing Conditions and Practices . . 1 A. B. Land Use . * . # f ♦ * » . ,� Selection of the Plan Area Boundary ♦ * . . » , . I-12 1 -18 C. y fy do oc Conditions, Hydrologicndi yon y . f i ♦ o 4 w • 10 ♦ f 1-1 6 D. Plan Area Water Supply History M s • . 1-•15 1.. Canal Water . » • . � . I -16 2 ♦ Public Water Systems 3. Private Wells s • • ♦ t s • a a i, a * k 1-21 Er No Water .Service Areas . » » » » • » I-22 E♦ Fresno --Clovis Urban Area Recharge Activities » » » 1-22 . Fresno -Clovis Urban Area Water Recharge Facilities. I-22 Z. Storm Water Recharge. . . . . ,. . 1-25 3. haste Water Recharge. # » • 1-25 CHAPTER IV.- Water Qual 3 ty Problems • • » . . » » » r . 1-25 A. Potential for Water Quality Problems I.26 B. Existing Groundwater Quality Problems. . I-27 1. Nitrates» # . . . • • r r r » . 1-27 2. Hardness. . . a . r . • r ♦ . . . » r 1-31 3. Salinity and Chlorides. • 1-31 C. Potentialraters Quality •. . . r r • R obTil rea.ls�`.;.�+. » '1! t Ij !u I�31 1 �Gy/t"l�fi�s')s�±d'('Areas t/P � '�. 1. Industrial Li ial .Bastes . . i I�4 2• Storm Water Runoff Basins . » 1-37 ' - 3. Septic Tanks, 8. * * 4 i i ! :'t # i i 4 A 1-37 Dr Potential Agricultural Nonpoint Sources of Groundwater Degradation* E. Immediate Steps to be Taken in the Plan Area., • . . » . . . I-38 F. Groundwater Quantity Problems. 1. Well Yield Problems 1-39 1-39 . . . . » 2. Recharge. Necessity # . 0 # » . # » » ♦ » . . 1-4 B. Groundwater Data Deficiencies . r 1- 40 CHAPTER V . The Best Management Plan for Water Quality » . . i f r » I-41 800 3 F) 0 F, 4 8 A. Plan Area Water Management Cooperation # 1-41 P. Structural and Xonstructural Techniques . .' . A t 4 , * . 4 I -4 C. Conceptual Viand Use Patterns . A . # • . 1-43 D. Potential Requirement for State Legislation I-43 E. Local Cooperation with Agencies Outside the Plan Area 1-44 F. Best Management Practices 1-44 CHAPTER VI: Financial Gusts of Plan Implementation # 1-74 : BwK7360 ma k LIST OF TABLES Table No Pa e k E k 1 Best Management Practices as Applied to Goals and Objectives . .. . » » . » 1-46 r Best Management Pract oes.by Agency » » I-66 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. P. a, 1. Water Management Plan Area I_l 2 Groundwater Flownet for Spring of 1978 » » » 1-16 3 Depth to Water in Sprang of 1978 4 No dater Service Areas for Land Within Irrigation or later Districts I-23 5 Nitrate Content Well 197& ` I-28 of Water in . . . 6 Hardness Content of Well later in 1978 . » . » 1-32 7 Chloride Content of Well Dater in 1978 » f » I-34 Hoax 7.160 ,w PREFACE This Executive Report is Volume I of the Best Management Plan for Water Quality in the Fresno -Clovis Urban, Northeast Fresno County Area. Volume II contains the Task Reports developed during the data collection and interpretation phases of the Plan 4 s development. Volume I I I is the EnvironmentalAssessment for the Plan. This :Executive Report has been prepared from information developed in Tasks I through 9 and from input received from the public, The Task Reports in Volume II contain, in.detail., the data which has been collected from the many agencies which are involved in water quality and quantity problems in the Plan Area. It, therefore, is the resource' document for the Plan. It also will serve as a major resource for future planning for water quality in the Plan Area. It also contains interpretations of and conclusions drawn from the data collected. A word of caution, upon the completion of these Task Reports, a two -month period of public input. occurred. As a result of this input,, some of the recommendations and.eonclusions in the Task Reports have been modified before inclusion in this Executive Report ��l AWL Book 770 i7A 5 CHAPTER SUMMARY The present source of domestic water in the Plan Area is groundwater. Generally this water is of excellent quality except for limited high concentrati-ons of nitrates, chlorides,, salinity (measured by electroconductivity) and hardness (in the form of calcium carbonate) found in certain identifiable areas. The most prevalent undesirable constituent in the groundwater is high . nitrate content. Aside from identifiable point sources, such as food processing plants (i.e., wineries and raisin processing facilities), and wastewater treatment facilities, nitrate degradation dames _mainly from three nonpoint sources that include individual septic tanks utilized for disposal of domestic sewage, agricultural return flows, and natural sources. In the Fresno Clovis urban Area, enforcement of Fresno County's mandatory sewer ordinance during the past ten years has resulted in replacement of over 20,000 septic tanks with public sewer connections. This has generally removed this source of nitrate degradation from the urban area although residual effects are still evident in some locations. Thousands of septic 'tanks will be added in the rural residential portions of the Plan Area in the future and these areas must be carefully monitored The maximum contaminant level acceptable for nitrates in drinking water, as specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and. the State Department of Health, is 45 parts per million' (ppm). Concentrations above this level pose a hazard for infants. This degree of degradation occurs in about five percent of the Plan Area including a portion where groundwater serves as drinking water' for urban consumption Concentrations above 25 ppm but less than 45 ppm have been identified in 17 percent of the :area Groundwater" in this portion of the degradation spectrum should be carefully monitored to determine future trends. The maximum contaminant level acceptable for chlorides in -drinking water is 250 ppm. Generally speaking, no concentrations above 100 ppm were found in the Plan Area except at two point sources; one an abandoned processing plant and the other, an existing slaughter house operation where corrective measures are underway. Salinity degradation exceeding acceptable levels was found in less than one percent of the Plan Area and is attributed to point sources. The maximum degree of desirable hardness, 200 ppm, was exceeded in four relatively large areas within the Plan Area. This level of hardness can cause excessive soap cter softening for some lw# industrial uses. Hardness in excess of 400 ppm was found in three percent of the Plan Area. Hard water has no demonstrable harmful effect on health. Where were no other contaminants identified in the groundwater which would f impair the beneficial use of the water for domestic purposes. Book 7360 The data used to developthis Plan was incomplete regarding all possible d sources of groundwater degradation. For example, a passable source of degradation for which data is not available, is the ponding and percolation - of storm water. It is possible that some 'adverse trace elements may be entering the groundwater at the basin sites. Another possible source of degradation of the area's groundwater is agricultural return water. Further study of these and other possible contamination sources should be made Recommended Actions VA Even though the California St 9 � ate Regional dater Quality Control Board is developing groundwater pollution control programs, there are no effective programs today to identify, respond to, dr prevent groundwater pollution in the water management Plan Area. Although waste discharge permits are issued by the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board,there has been little hydrologic input into the issuance, monitoring, and enforcment of these permits. In addition, comprehensive monitoring and enforcement programs have been lading and hydrogeplogic conditions at most waste discharge sites are not well-known. Not all significant dischargers have been identified and waste disposal practices are poorly documented. If `'cooperative relationship" between the five local governing entities is established as recommended by the ,Plan, one of the first tasks to be accomplished should be to develop a -groundwater quality monitoring program in cooperation with individuals, private firms, and other governmental agencies. This would, in effect, establish an `early warning system- so that future adverse impacts due to man's activities could be successfully mitigated. The plan addresses measures to control existing and potential sources of degradation of the area's groundwater. The more important ones which can be commenced immediately are, (1) The California Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board should set and enforce wastewater disposal standards defined in its basin plan; for all food processing and industrial plants identified in the plan as point sources of groundwater degradation;` ill The County of Fresno should complete its mandatory sewer program. Financial assistance from the State of California through a Clean Water Grant would enhance the probability of this being accomplished- 3) The Fresno County Department of Health, Environmental Health System should expand its groundwater monitoring program to areas where nitrate concentrations exceed` 25 ppm and to rural; residential areas which utilize septic tanks for sewage treatment; (4) The City of Fresno should modify its monitoring program at the Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility to provide more meaningful information of the effect of its disposal program on groundwater, and (5) The Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District should develop a monitoring program at its storm water basins to determine the affect of its storm water disposal upon groundwater. Water Quality Dependence on Water Quantity As has been previously indicated, the quality of the Plan Area groundwater is generally excellent, except for a few limited areas. The plan points out that the key to assuring this excellent duality, in addition to controlling identifiable sources of degradation, is by continuing the present method of water supply for domestic use (recharge and pumping from the underground). This method of groundwater management allows natural processes to preserve and enhance the duality of the water placed in the underground either by nature or man. The two principal sources of water for recharge are the Kings River and the San Joaquin River, both of which have extremely "pure" water with low mineral content. If large quantities of water from these surface water supplies are used to recharge the underground, the quality of the ground- water will be maintained and enhanced. However, if the quantity of water used for replenishment from these surface supplies is seriously reduced, then even relatively small amounts of contaminants added to the groundwater may cause serious degradation. Recharge in the Flan Area is by either incidental or intentional means. Incidental recharge occurs through surface water irrigation practices. Most of the surface canals that .carry irrigation water provide a large amount of water to the groundwater basin through water percolating through their earthen bottoms and sides. Also, flood irrigation of crops usually provides more water than is needed for the evapotranspiration of the crop and the excess waters percolate into the underground. ' Intentional recharge occurs when surface waters are intentionally ponded to permit infiltration into the ground., Irrigation districts have done this for Many years, recharging surplus surface water in ,years of heavy snowpack runoff for use in future years. In the Plan Area, this practice has in the past several years been extended to areas where the recharge water is intended for domestic use. The cities of Fresno and Clovis and several waterworks districts have agreements with the Fresno Irrigation District which provide that some of the water conveyed through the District's surface canals is recharged into the urban groundwater pumping fields through various percolation ponds.. The largest percolation ponds are the City of Fresno's "Leaky Acres' adjacent to the Fresno Air Terminal and the nearby City of Clovis' pond. Recharge is also being done at several of the Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District's storm water basins. In 1978, almost 25,000 acre feet of good quality surface water were intentionally recharged in the Fresno -Clovis urban Area. This is about one-fourth of the annual urban area water - requirement. Additionally, about 40,000 acre feet of treated sewage water were used for irrigation and recharge in 1978 at the Fresno -Clovis Metropolitan Treataent Facility ; located in the southwest corner of the Plan Area. However, most of this groundwater is lost to the Plan Area by either groundwater flow to the southwest or by being pumped into the Fresno Irrigation District canal system for surface irrigation outside the Plan Area. Through various sources, there is sufficient water to serve both the Municipal and agricultural needs of the Plan Area. These sources. are: The Fresno Irrigation District's entitlement to King's River water, which runs _ with the land within the District; the City of Fresno's entitlement for San Joaquin River water from the Bureau of Reclamation, and the exchange agreement between the City of Fresno and the Fresno Irrigation District, 04 BOOM 1� %65 4 whereby the District exchanges one acre foot of surface water for each two acre feet of treated wastewater pumped from beneath the City`-s sewage -treatment facility, While these sources to needs for are adequate meet the area's total recharge, there are some localized subareas which; exhibit distinct - groundwater supply problems. Most si gn i fi cant of these is the area lying northeasterly of the Enterprise Canal The plan recommends that the practice of intentional recharge be expanded so that over the years there will be a balance between the groundwater entering the Plan Area and water pumped from the groundwater basin. This means that sufficient recharge capacity must be provided in appropriate locations so that in years of high water runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains, surplus waters can be stored in the groundwater` basin for use in years of low runoff, The plan cautions that land use decisions must include consideration of the affect on surface water and groundwater balance, when such decisions involve changes to existing surface water deliveries and groundwater flows. Need for Plan Area AgencyAgengy Coo eration to Assure Water Quality Excellence The plan acknowledges that groundwater, Whether it is -pumped for urban* rural residential, or domestic farm uses, is all extracted from the same basin. Groundwater flow respects no political boundary. High 'nitrates originating from a winery's percolating ponds in the unincorporated area can move via groundwater to the wells supplying urban 'users in a city subdi v1sion. The report shows that groundwater flows slowly through the basin, Chloride degradation to the groundwater from an abandoned operation within the Plan Area, -has moved one mile in 25 years, a rate of about 200 feet per year. While groundwater flow can be faster under certain geological :and hydrological conditions, the relative rate remains slow. Therefore, groundwater degradation can be long-lasting if not properly identified and mitigated. The fact that there is groundwater movement, however, slow it may be, means that sooner or later what happens to groundwater upstream will inevitably affect groundwater downstream. The plan recommends that the five governmental bodies enter into a cooperative agreement: which will better enable then to collectively take action to maintain and enhance the Plan Area's excellent groundwater quality. The first three include the cities of Fresno and Clovis and the County of Fresno, whose land use policies 'within the Plan Area directly affect water quality. The second group of agencies that directly or indirectly affect water quality are area water purveyors including the two cities, County waterworks districts, grater districts, private water companies, and the Fresno Irrigation District. Finally, there is the Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control` District, whose storm water basins are not only strategically located for groundwater recharge, but also may prove to be potential sources of groundwater degradation. The plan delineates various alternative forms such cooperation could assurne. However° it leaves the final determination to the agencies themselves. A 12-month "meet and confer" period to make this determination is recommended. The plan emphasizes that it in itself, is not the end product for maintaining and enhancing water quality in the Plan Area; The organizational relationship and process that is to be developed from the ''meet and confer'" process must continue. As an example, Public Law 92-500, under which this plan is being prepared, requires than the plan provide'. (1) a process to identify agriculturally related nonpoint sources of pollution and to set forth procedures and methods to control, to the extent feasible, such sources; (2) a process to control the disposition of all residual waste generated which could affect water quality, and (3) a process to control the disposal of pollutants on land or on subsurface excavations to protect groundwater. This present plan identifies actions related to the latter two requirements. However, there is insufficient- data now available to determine if there are agriculturally related nonpoint sources of pollution. Therefore, a part of the continuing planning program must provide that appropriate identifying processes be incorporated to determine if there are agriculturally related nonpoint sources of pollution, and if so, that mitigation procedures be implemented. This planning process can best be done by areawide cooperation of all agencies. Not only is it necessary for all the Plan Area agencies to effectively cooperate with each other, but it is necessary for them to cooperate with agencies outside the area. The Plan Area's groundwater basin is a "mini -basin'* within the much largerTulare Lake Basin. In 1978, the users of groundwater within the area and users outside the area created somewhat of a groundwater balance, that is, there were not extensive groundwater flows either into or out of this "mini -basin." However, unbalanced withdrawal and/or recharge activities both inside and outside the area's boundaries could seriously upset this present.roundwater quantity balance and, thereby, impact area water quality. As an example, extensive groundwater pumping to the west and south of the Plan Area could adversely affect the groundwater levels within the Plan. Area. This pumping could be of such magnitude that the present system of groundwater extraction within the Plana Area would become impractical requiting the direct use of surface water for domestic use. Not only would this greatly increase -the cost of domestic water, but could cause problems of water quality control Cooperation with water users outside the area,, therefore, is highly desirable. Area agencies should assist these users in their quest for supplemental surface water. Such additional water would enable them to achieve a balance in their conjunctive use of surface' water and groundwater, as is possible ossible'for water users -within the Plan Area. p This cooperative effort, in turn, would benefit water users within the _Plan Area by decreasing the possibility of adverse pumping practices outside the Plan Area. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The 208 planning progG am s origin lies in, Public Law 92,500,. commonly referred to as the `yWater Pollution Control Act of 1972.'i Section 208 of this law requires that State and designated areawide agencies prepare plans ; for water quality management to meet the 1983 national 'goal of "restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's water." This law was enacted as result of the vast amount of surface -water pollution that was evident in the country `s Eastern and Great Lakes States during the 1960's. Untreated liquid :wastes from industrial and municipal centers were dumped into surface water streams, canals, rivers, and lakes. Due to the urgency of solving the surface pollution problems, Public Law 92--500 was enacted. This law emphasized surface water quality control more than groundwater control since the impacts on groundwater from pollution were not as readily observable or known. Today, the "208" Planning Program has been expanded to include areas such as the Fresno -Clovis Urban, NortheastFresno County Area in California, where primary concern is for maintaining and enhancing the generally excellent groundwater quality. Currently, this urea utilizes pumped groundwater as it's domestic water supply. The 208 program is administered by the united States Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A.) through the State of California, which according to E.P.A., "knows best what community needs are and will be, who knows best how to balance competing demands upon capital and operating budgets, who knows best how to operate within their unique groundwater legal systems.,-1 To this end, an,agreement was entered into between the State of California Regi dial hater Resources Control Board and the County of Fresno directing the County to prepare a 208 Water Quality Management Plan during fiscal year 1978-79 This plan is to be accepted and implemented by the five principal governmental entities responsible for water duality within the Plan Area. These entities include the cities of Fresno and Clovis, the County of Fresno, the Fresno Irrigation District, and the Fresno Metropolitan'. Flood Control District. The Local "208" Planning -Process The local Fresno County Planning effort was developed _ n compliance with Federal Regulations governing water quality management plans. An agreement. between the California State water Resources Control Board and Fresno 1"The 208 PlanningApproacb to Groundwater Protection --A Program Overview,," Myrna Hurd,, Director, hater Planning Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 'Groundwater,' March, 1979. ll 8=7360 i!,%t658 County executed on June 1, 1978, set forth the planning tasks in a manner 'local which met the requirements of the Federal, regulations. The eater management plan has been prepared through a series of tasks that have culminated in a final plan document. It was envisioned early in the planning process that the tasks would be prepared in such sequence as to allow a logical plan progression. The taskswereprepared in the following order. Task 1: To prepare a memorandum understanding for execution between ;of local agencies to assure institutional and financial commitment to the I I project. Task 2 . To prepare a report identifying demographic and economic projections fora 20-year planning period., to establish existing ` and projected land use patterns, to assess existing General Plans ar'd growth trends, and to develop plan goals and objectives. Task 3: To collect and organize groundwater quantity and quality data within the Plan Area. Task 4: To identify and map areas with geologic and hydrologic factors that affect groundwater quality within the project area. Task 5, To identify the structural and nonstructural techniques necessary to achieve the goals and objectives of the management plan. `ask b: To identify groundwater factors which affect management practices necessary to achieve the goals and objectives of the water management plan. Task 7: To analyze and evaluate the cost effecti vess ; of alternative management practices identified in Task 5 to existing water systems. Task 8: To screen 't alternative a management practices in terms of implementation feasibility. To develop and evaluate conceptual alternatives for water management in the Plan Area and to identify and evaluate the ability of affected management` agencies to perform operational, managerial, financial, and regulatory roles necessary to implement various portions of the plan. Task R.-To present alternative management practices to governing boards for review and tentative selection. Task 10. To formulate a best management,. plan compatible with tentative selection by the governing boards. Task 11: To prepare necessary environmental,,, social and economic ' assessments for the plan document. Task 12: To present the interim water management plan (best management practices) to the f ve governing bodies for final adoption. �g good The various tasks cover a'wide range of subjects and, therefore, they have been prepared by staff members and private consultants from various professional backgrounds. County Health, Planning and Public Works Department staffs prepared the bulk of the task reports. Dr. Kenneth D. Schmidt, a groundwater quality consultant, prepared the Task 6 report on groundwater quantity and quality.Fred N. Rabe Engineering, incorporated of Fresno, prepared portions of Task 7 relating alternative structural management techniques to various conceptual land.use patterns. These individuals formed the '.task force' with the Fresno County Assistant Director of Public Works, serving as program manager. Also, staff of all five agencies helped review the task reports. They also helped develop and evaluate the structural and nonstructural management techniques in Task 5 and determine the best management practices in Task 8. dust as important, they provided a link between the County, the cities of Fresno and Clovis, and' the special districts. An im ortant. art of the planning n ` recess was ` the involvement of the five p P p gp � e governing bodies responsible for the plan adoption. The staff of each entity was given the responsibility of reviewing the various Trask reports as they were completed. At the end of Task 8, the five executive bodies met at public hearings and reviewed the plan ' s goals and objectives, along with the recommended actions. The governing bodies made amendments to the plan that they felt were in the best interests of the public. In addition, the public hearings served as a general forum for individuals and other agencies ,who sought to provide input into the plan. This plan has been revised as a result of this input from the public and the executive bodies. These hearings provided direction for the preparation of the final plan that was reviewed and adopted by the local governing bodies. Goals and Objectives The goals and objectives for the Fresno -Clovis urban and northeast Fresno County Best dater Management Plan are as follows: Goals I. To reserve and enhance the existingualit of the area's groundwater and establish water quality standardg sdesigned to prevent degradation of existing water quality. Objectives a. Quantify the current degree of groundwater quality. b. Determine areas of degradation of existing water quality. c. Develop 0 p a continuing groundwater quality monitoring system. d. Develop the necessary land use policies and controls to preserve the quality of the area's groundwater. e. Develop techniques to decrease or contain such degradation. Il � BOOK 7360 m CHAPTER III EXISTING CONDITION B 5 �+ PRACTICES Land Use The Plan Area as shown in Figure 1, is referred to as the Fresno -Clovis Urban and Northeast Fresno County Area. The study boundaries extend from Chateau Fresno Avenue on the vest to the Kings River can the east, and from American Avenue can the south to the San ,Joaquin River and the Friant--Kern Canal on the north. It contains approximately 372 square miles of urban, rural residential razi�� and agricultural lands, The west -central portion of the Flan Area comprises the cities of Fresno and Clovis and contains primarily developed intermixed unincorporated lands. The City of Fresno is divided into seven community plan areas which comprise 152.3 square {rules (97,749 acres).acres).1 The City of Clovis, the eighth community plan area, contains 14.5 square miles 9,263 acres). On .November 8, 1976, the Fresno County Board of Supervisors designated approximately 25,779 acres of land near the Fresno -Clovis Urban Area for "rural residential purposes. Three areas as shown in Figure I were 'set aside to allow the creation of minimum two -acre parcels. The largest of these rural residential areas is located north- and east of the City of Clovis and contains approximately 16,400 acres of land. The Enterprise Canal traverses this area in a southeast -northwest direction and serves a$ a signficant'water management boundary since surface water deliveries are generally restrictedtothe area south of this canal. This is due to a lack of surface water rights presently existing for properties north of the carnal Since the establishment of the northeast rural residential area, several hundred new parcels have been created, In 1978 alone 20 subdivisions consisting of 509 lots, and 41 panel maps consisting of 124 lots were approved by the County. The number of parcels in the northeast area as of October, 1978, were 2,209. The potential number under full development is 6,1 8 There is a smaller rural residential area east of Fresno generally bounded by McKinley, Temperance and Fancher Avenues, and. Kings Canyon Road. Th-is area, under optimum conditions, could provide a maximum of 820 lots 2 The third rural residential area is located west of Freeway 99 and is generally bounded by Sierra, Grantland, Belmont, and Hayes Avenues. This area consists of approximately 7,263 acres comprising 1,596 parcels. The maximum number of lots that could be provided under optimum conditions is 2,976. ITh s also includes unincorporated lands. 2Based upon a g rbs,s acre. e of 2 44 acres per lot. p .� 9 I �l 2 lit f. Develop the nonstructural and structural management techniques to accomplish Objectives a, b, c, d, and e. 2. To preserve untreated groundwater as the primary source of domestic water. a. Determine means of insuring water quality standards are met b. Utilize the existing groundwater delivery system to the maximum extent possible before converting to alternative surface water systems -for domestic supply. c. Promote agricultural activities that provide beneficial water recharge. d. Increase the utilization of groundwater recharge basins to the maximum extent feasible, consistent with: the availability of water for re(:harge, e. Provide nonstructural and structural manageme►it techniques to accomplish Objectives a, b, c, and d. 3. To maximize the available water supply, including ponj unct i ve use of both surface water and groundwater. a. Provide for; the movement of water from supply sources and areas of excess to areas of need by surface and/or~ groundwater distribution systems consistent with adopted land use policies. b. Develop the necessary land use policies to prevent long-range overdraft. C. Develop the nonstructural and structural management techniques to accomplish Objectives a and b. 4. To conserve the water resource for long-term beneficial use and to assure an adequate supply for the future. a. Develop reasonable water conservation measures for urban rural residential, and agricultural areas. b. Eliminate the long-term overdraft of groundwater through water conservation, recharge and other programs. C. Avoid waste, or unreasonable use, or method of extraction so that well interference is minimized b. To manage water resources to the extent necessary to g yinsure reasonable, beneficial, and continued use of the resource. a. Empower a local entity or entities to administer a Comprehensive water management program within the framework of California State law and policy. 1, b. Manage groundwater and surface water resources conjunctively wherever practicable. Now N—ASNam,• _lZ.`ilit .. !'3�i�■iaif�.L�i■N:'i'`ii �- Us now F F/ar{II1#,1+a.nm qw on �. i ! �L �;tli�►ii = i_ ��'7 I�r .:; _ rt-90 al i "'► _ r� �� " �R•^ "1+- .,� -�Omskw mow• � �t �■u"= _ � ' a -� V:;f. 11• tali-_ r-��••.: -- -- ■•r ��ii avu•:�If lfaaw e :1ls. � a�lawaat.rv•�t �I #'" �••+lA� •�� ' i � i� �� � �i•.•"•.•+� 1 er '- �'' �_ - ar. .i. awlr � J`' �r �H t• -�!� !/rL i �:` a a r `m _ _ •• ' ! s'. •..+� S� iirII Iu� •� � _ ~ S �i71_;� �.7Wtr: 7. fit, - r (v' ®•fir■- �. 1 T .r„ , 9x' yscxs. �•w _ 1�- A �}A C/f�af _ 1U111{- �d}' L-��-...� "� �• 3��pf !_ A . Ia 1• {` ��ti ��Itl: rw, �L�_ir`= ��n�_ O'� �s'.' r » 1 ��,anit. ►t - - 1 ,: / ,i 1 .� tl•aoa , wnllIXT"1 . now•�% a . r LRgnu• • ntNl'rSJ:��: •''�itiu �"'• ��r.•a �{ a . y- a . 1 �, •. `�' -cnl., n11NH1,.• wllflf 2■■ ■ •n�' �� l=��+ � Mle +�! N•a11111f111�:•NIIw?��_ _ilitt.�_ •• {1'1 * i ' i...ti: 1 r x•_..� 1 `Inn1{-Itlln yr. • - • _! pp���'yp� /n� ;1• w :wt pp 1'+11� IY i1�7,•n. •lwi��•+� ., n1 H:::E;;f.��_�•_!_ �i33_e• _ t{ra- • . [y� A• , +"' 1'iil� �^ c�.'tn.acnr t, zL=, trl : 'i __ t: .+i+!■' i•"Mii . . 'ram ri • N! ,t:..it'Ii�_ •�::. :-_�!__: _-` __ � � owSk OW AEO Nis. IN fir._ o :11�Va Intermixed between 'the Fresno -Clovis UrbanArea and the rural residential areas are lands designated by the Fresno County General Plan for agricultural uses. The mainstay of the Fresno economy, is its agricultural production. For many years, the County of Fresno has been the leading. agricultural county in the United States in value of farm products. With this in mind, the County Board of Supervisors n 1976 adopted the Agricultural land Use. Element of the General Plan and shortly thereafter rezoned thousands of acres of agricultural land to an AE-20 (Exclusive Agricultural 20-acre minimum lot size)District, including about 1101Mq acres in the Plan Area The Plan Area contains numerous canals that provide surface irrigation throughout the area. Figure I shows the major canals and stream channels within the Plan Area. Of'major signficance is the Friant-Kern Canal that delivers irrigation waters not only to the Plan Area, but to numerous irrigation districts ,serving the east side of the southern and central San Joaquin Malley: Selection of the Plan Area Boundary The dater Management Plan Area is bounded on the north by the San Joaquin -,River and on the west by Chateau Fresno Avenge, thus allowing the Fresno -Clovis Wastewater Reclamation Facility to be included. The northeast boundary allows substantial amounts of land northeast of the Fri ant=Kern Canal to be included however, this area is bounded on the northeast by land underlain by crystalline rocks, which are essentially nonwater bearing. The southern boundary of the Water Management Plan Area is American Avenue, eastward to the Fowler Switch Canal. This area thus includes all of the Fresno Irrigation District ( F$ l . D ) east of Chateau Fresno Avenue, It also includes the great majority of the groundwater basin tributary to the Fresno -Clovis Urban` Area, The southern boundary of the area, under present groundwater extraction patterns, corresponds closely to a groundwater divide. While 4part of the same underground basin groundwater to the south of this divide does not presently enter or leave the Water Management Flan Area in appreciable quantities. The Plan Area's groundwater basin thu's acts as a "mini -basin" within -the much larger Tulare Lake Basin. Several subareas can be delineated within the Water Management Plan Area. The first is the Fresno -Clovis urban Area. This area was selected on the basis of the locations of large -capacity, public supply weds in the urban area. The boundary around this area encloses most of the municipal wells presently operated by the City of Fresno, the City of Clovis, Fresno County Waterworks Districts, Fresno County Water Districts, and several private water companies. Another' important subarea boundary is the Enterprise Canal. Canal water from the Kings River is unavailable to lands northeast of the Enterprise Canals however, F.I.D. delivers Fri ant -kern Canal eater from the San Joaquin River to about 1,1.00 acres of Land along the Friant-Kern Canal. The Garfield rater District and the International stater District receive about 41000 _acre feet of water directly from the Friant-Kern Canal. These waters must be used for crop irrigation., Except for these sources, groundwater is presently the only available water supply northeast of the Enterprise Canal. RP �t�2.�''tr4�rz7, _ -.`-ry rat--��,Y.i.3,^'�'. t, ,. �.A _: fi .. ...�... "+ riwr, r.. - • ,. ' x.�&..1 ... INfI�$11 jlbr•'.c11 vilEvol Na•' . i .1I .p. •1 re 1 !m- I L. W!d; W'_ 4 M► is r t , fit Wr �ill��� .r ~SyYd✓•�R•' *L�+•',l■�GiAir1�Ii..�A� ,( -r... ..• ` w• 1�� !i` Nli� •� •a. ? d1M ��-Rt+'�F ,�! a ��-i"f ►•� Viv,.;-f >.'�titS � _ A 11; . 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I, / �i� � � L.fF t e. .`�[`�, tt 1 1. --uf[T,::^����i��!? _'FF./:�� /� �.i ..UT'R•'.�i •..� I°�1f1' �ti•• �� '1' �N./ii�!iri■��i:�lt�a■l, - - rz -:r:> 'ss .1 i , ob g�# a�sz- d- + � •' s� �/ •Iftr� •�Irr � 1I s 1 6 • � 1-i� �' _�4l ll'�h dd 2 %; - #*, 4 �dn ism MoMd ONE JW f SZ- 'a` t'rl ■ j� iN. 1 M ,MISS womioll., Belton... i��il�s .• .»I �`w ii =sic ,72 it +igglito Wine MEN■ ee ON , '•` - Ytl:= AIM ►li,'�' „ • ,,., _ \ ��iT(tlie C..�..I � ,a • In1 a "team ■■!�i�ltt,e.�.� �_ 'z-�� I!, � �� •: 'gyp"„ w! t. n ! I .. .„ �tt0lt■G . v�l�,:. t■�■tltIJ1�1■i ���sN��e'�i� �,.';JII►���) If bill Nil■i I .�ii��i� li e..4w Iliil•I:_.� IR�hI MiUPI ww a • ' ; , 6fi_.else lingo drw ii e AVA Won ISO _ uiitttYiltr� Stttl� �fa'�tl'!T 1w _ ;, .�No gg lot r+TZ _ 1 .... Nt NO 40 moll ,�..!Y :.1 ���;;tl■.�` �;�i=:== a I:Itr l_? ,_�r� L ail,'up e IF .N jiunl to ': WD A .in . to 1 wag �1'� •`Itl_ _/ II'_■ air. w .!fiti- T, PEW INS all Oil WAR an M • 'Its a sallki=� Q% 15it=2ii i �'� wii ws 1 ■.1 t , ■wit R"~1—7: lio �.on 6v ;- 1� i Boos 671 ' identified high nitrate areas these shallower wells are more likely to be drawing water from the more degraded groundwater levels No Water Service Areas Fresno irrigation District records for 1975 i ndi cate that 4, 268 acres on the west side of ;the Plan Area, and 15,715 acres on the east side are classified as "no water service', parcels* This means that at the request of the owner, the F.I.D. Board of Directors have determined that the use of surface water on the parcel is not practical, permitting a lower tax. In addition, 1,7.23 acres in the northeast, 694 acres'in the east, and 3,206 acres in the western rural residential ares are "no water :service" parcels. It is assumed that since agricultural operations are conducted on a large number of the "no water service" parcels., water is being pumped from wells for irrigation purposes in lieu of surface water deliveries. Figure 4 shows the parcels included withinthe '-no water service' area. As can be seen a lar a ma `orit of the parcels on ' no water service" status are in s 0 .1 y agricultural uses and are utilizing groundwater for irrigation If some of these areas can be converted to surface eater use instead of groundwater, the groundwater basin can benefit in two ways Less water will be pumped from it and it will also receive more incidental recharge water. Fresno Urban Area Recharge Activities Intentional groundwater recharge programs are presently carried out In the 9 g p g p � Fresno -Clovis Urban Area by the cities of Fresno and Clovis and the Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District. These programs include canal water, storm water, and wastewater recharge.` Fresno -Clovis urban Area Canal Water Rechar e Facilities: Nine urban area recharge sites, covering an approximate area of 211 acres, received almost 25,000 acre feet of water from the canal system in 1978. Water is supplied. for a period of from four to six months during FI.U.'s irrigation season. This water is part of the Fresno Clovis Urban Area water entitlement from the Kings River plus a portion of the City of Fresno's entitlement from the 9 p A y U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (San Joaquin River Water). Fresno C ty' s Leaky bores is the largest existing intentional recharge facility receiving good quality canal water. Approximately 15,,000 acre feet of water per year is spread at Leaky Acres. This water is a portion of Fresno City`s 60,000 acre feet entitlement from the Bureau of Reclamation. In 1978, the City of Fresno purchased 29,000 acre feet of the entitlement at $10-001acre foot. The balance of the 29,000 acre feet which were not recharged (14,000 acre feet), F.I.D. distributed to the northeast area for agricultural use. Also, F.I.D. purchased the 81,000 acre feet balance of Fresno's ultimate entitlement from the Bureau, at $3.50/acre feet, which was also used for agricultural irrigation. The City of Clovis has the next largest site, approximately 70'acres, where about 65800 acre feet of water were spread in 1978 for recharge. Additionally, eight storm water recharge basins which are awned by the 1-22 M.M AM Oman �.Jtdvh Olt" .10 pum own A 6 jIM 17" _ MWOM iota awo sm aunt Ile MOSS. n M mom Numb Z11M One Mr! I .j 41r WO Mvill PSWUl VIA r Emu =Mg son Mars M Ito' low, MAN I I F OF, mat) 7 Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District (F.C.M.O.), serve a dual purpose providing flood control and groundwater recharge under agreements with water- wore districts. These basins. not only supply groundwater, but also help to dilute any degraded waters in the groundwater basin. Storm water Recharcte There are 61 storm water basins located in the Fresno -Clovis Urban Area which are either ;parttally or completely developed. (These are shown in Volume II, Figure I of Task Report 4-0). These basins cover 758 acres and during a normal rainfall year receive an estimated 5,945 acre feet of storm water runoff. When all 61. hasins are completed, they will receive an estimated 12,500 acre feet of runoff daring a normal year. This runoff remains in the basins until it percolates into the ground or evaporates. Some of these sites_ are used solely for storm water recharge while others are used for both storm water and intentional canal water recharge. The existing F.M.C.F.D. sites presently accept storm water from approximately. 42 square miles. There are hundreds of smaller storm water basins and drainage wells located throughout the Plan Area, but these sites are generally much smaller than F.M.F.0 D. basins and are too numerous to identify. A provision for on -site storm water disposal is usually required for all property divided by subdivision on parcel 'maps. Wastewater Recharge: The; largest source of wastewater recharge within the Plait Area is the Fresno -Clovis Wastewater Treatment Plant located in the extreme southwest corner of the Plan Area. This Plant has 1,475 acres available for infiltrating wastewater effluent, however, only about 300 acres of land are being used. The ponds cover from 14 to 26 acres and have a depth of three to eight feet. Presently, the plant has an incoming flow of approximately 38 million gallons daily (mgd),, but is designed to treat 60 mgd. During the 1977 calendar year the combined plant flows were 12.1 billion gallons (7 ,081. acre feet). In 1977, 1.97 bi l lion gallons (6,037 acre feet) of treated surface water from the ponds were distributed for agricultural irrigation off -site and 0.60 billion gallons (1,839 acre feet) were distributed for on- ite irrigation. The remaining 29,000 acre feet, less evaporation losses, infiltrated into the underground basin. The City of Fresno has a 30-year agreement with the Fresno. Irrigation District to deliver a minimum rate_ of 100,000 acre feet of reclaimed water in each ten --year period, not to exceed 30,000 acre feet in any one year. As previously indicated, 6,037 acre feet of water were pumped from 21 on --site wells and distributed to either the Houghton Canal or Dry Creek for the purpose of off -site irrigation; The on -site extraction wells provide a means of controling the groundwater level, insuring optimum infiltration rates, and providing tertiary treatment. They also help to.control the migration of wastewater to areas of domestic water pumping. In exchange for this water, F.I.D.provides the City with one gallon of canal water 75 from the rings River for recharge in the urban area, for each two gallons of reclaimed wastewater provided by the treatment plant. The Malaga Wastewater Treatment Plan is located at the northwest corner of Maple and Central Avenues near the southerly y boundar of the Plan Area. This plant receives approximately 1.0 mgd and has a pond area of about 20 acres. Sometime in the future, Malaga's waste will probably be transported to either the Tri -City Plant (Selma-K ngsburg and Fowler) or to the Fresno -Clovis Regional Facility. CHAPTER I A I WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS Potential for Water guality problems Because of the permeable nature of the soils within the Plan Area the groundwater aquifer is vulnerable to contamination. It is, therefore important to identify sources of contamination and take measures to properly control liquid wastes deposited on and within the earth. The movement of groundwater i s very slow. . Twenty-five g ,� w years ago wastewaters from an ice plant and a water softening plant in the Plan Area were: being discharged into pits. A nearby wel 1 revealed groundwater degradation of 800parts per million (ppm),of chloride. Even though the discharge stopped 25 years ago, pollution is still present.,, It has decreased four -fold to 200 ppm, but it has extended a mile ''downstream" and now 12 wells show degradation The fact that there is groundwater movement means that, however slowly it moves, sooner or later what happens to groundwater upstream will inevitably affect groundwater down stream. The only wayto reverse groundwater degradation once it occurs is b g g y di 1 uti on :.with good quality water. Because of the, slow movement of groundwater, the diluting waters must be applied almost directly into the degraded. water to be effective Fortunately, within the Plan Area there are sufficient good quality surface waters available to eliminate the need to `mine" water from the groundwater basin in an average year. Over the ten-year period between 1969 and 1978, because of intentional recharge through recharge basins and unintentional recharge through canal leakage and over -irrigation, there has`been an approximate groundwater balance within the Plan Area. Reasonable conservation measures and increases in groundwater recharge in areas, such as the: C ity of Fresno' s Leaky Acres near the Fresno Air Terminal the City of CTovis recharge facility, strat gically located storm wager basins, and other basins, will enable a balance to be achieved in the Plan area This enhances the chances of maintaining water quality. However, there are subareas within the Plait Area where continued development can possibly cause 'mining` of -groundwater. This is because fiJ 4360 76 domestic water users use well water. Also, if residential uses replace agricultural uses which have been using canal delivered surface water, incidental recharge will be reduced. unless there is supplemental recharge there will be '-mining". One such subarea isthe rural residential areas lying north and east of the City of Clovis. These areas relyon septic tanks for sewage treatment and disposal and overdraft of the groundwater in this area could cause high nitrate concentrations. An example of how nitrate degradation has been eliminated by recharge is exemplified by the Mayfair area located in the central part of Fresno. This area was served by septic tanks for over a period of 20 to 25 years. Ten years ago, several wells in this rather large geographical area indicated high nitrate degradation of the groundwater. By 1978, the area of degradation had been reduced dramatically. While the elimination of septic tanks removed the cause of degradation the recharge effort by local water purveyors upstream of the area is undoubtedly largely responsible for the improvement in groundwater quality. Existing Groundwater Quality Problems Existing groundwater quality problemed areas are concentrated in specific areas, rather than over the entire region. Some of the problems are due to natural factors, whereas others are the result of man s activities, Nitrates: In a large area east of the Fresno -Clovis Urban Area., nitrate contents exceed 45 ppm, the maximum contaminant level specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A. ) and the State of California for drinking water. Nitrate concentrations exceeding 45 ppm are potentially hazardous to infants. Figure 5 shows this area which lies between the channels of Redb'ank and Fancher Creeks. About 150 domestic wells were within: this area in 1978. Nitrate contents also exceed 45 ppm in groundwater in a small area about three miles north of Clovis and another small area about one mile southeast of Clovis. The latter area is near several City of Clovis wells and nitrate contents have been increasing in several City of Clovis wells during the recent decade Nitrate contents also exceed 45 ppm in water from numerous large -capacity wells southwest of the urban area. Wa ter samples collected in 1972 revealed that water, from about one-third of the sampled wells had nitrate contents exceeding 45 ppm, The source of the high nitrate in this area is also unknown, but may be due to irrigation return flows. The permeable soils of this area have allowed the movement of nitrate from sources which have been concentrated in this area. Additional monitoring is necessary to precisely define the causative factors for all these areas. A localized zone of high nitrate is present in groundwater near the Gallo Winery liquid waste disposal area Located east of Clovis Avenue between Clive and Belmont Avenues. Nitrate contents exceeded 45 ppm in water from 13 nearby wells and l'QU ppm in 4 of these: wells in 1977. Localized testing indicates a waste plume extending to the southwest from the Gallo Winery. Winery wastes are high in nitrogen, and soils in the area are conducive_ to Teaching. Numerous domestic wells are in use in the area and several large -capacity public supply wells are downgradient of this area. J-27 r 1 1 11 U [1 11 11 aauu 736 0 f 7�� � *"L I � 7360 678 FIGURE 5 FRESNO COUNTY WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN AREA NITRATE CONTENT OF WELL WATER IN 1978 VALUES IN MG/L LESS THAN 15 15 - 25 25-45 { • �� GREATER THAN 45 i 'IN ELL S 9 . { . -. F • FRESNO URBAN AREA 'y •-{ _ , 1 ,` 1 '� _- • NORTHEAST FRESNO AREA 3 ; ; s t t+ ;` 1 "tf ± ' L, >, '`-# s� �' N 4 •- ■ FRESNO- CLOVIS WA CTF WATFp acCLAMATION t'#iIty'y D FACILITY MONITOR WELLS • �.; t , + 1 tY Y r v,... OTHER tacos '-r.- :JYLa .��,. ..� _ -I . ` I�.f, w -�,-i. +1.1 ....,r.� • -t- .w _ _.« _ r+ .., w' { M.,•C� w L...... � rr ..- .. .....1 � ,� • = � -.+t` 1 ;f� '— /, f.? �,�. �. t:• {S .. ' 'y,y � ..L � a»w �1 1 (q p ...►--!f'=el+_..t�s � •.�+�...-...- �.+`...v..-._ y{y�, .�, { :'�P �`le �+ � v i �� � • 1 � � .�.,..�.. ,- �, � �� i�- ti., _i ,.,•. -�,,, J «• .w.. NOTE MAPS OF NITRATE CONTENT OF WELL WATER DEPEND ON THE NUMBER AND TYPE OF WELLS ,,, ,� • N W o ,� SAMPLED THIS MAP SHOWS ONLY THE RESULTS ►�' ` .i w�';� iCWe I J * 1:ti� I .!-,k T �}y t -� p F OF REGIONAL MONITORING THE RESULTS OF � � J{ = �t li,.... t i/ _': _ �`"t' i i 'tl. ''� iri-t s- '--:•---'�" !• t -1.� �„� ntim Y - � s: Ti,. :'•,� 1 • 1_ • _) �' r. 'Y ry f r. �. '•`..."^ � ' .. o..+f rs'ron :7 •. .i'+. s.{.J.r.. ri:� - �� •, ••7 Ir• f _ r�;fi✓. ii0i aV,r -_ ' -1 •• �' .,fli .'.y ■a ro.• ,r.N, 1• ...j "4F• `. ~+ ~' .� • .1 •`.. `t IS , +.�'►/�■ 1 `'•.� " ` ILI-.. 29. � :. . + . -. • , �. _ �+ .h • i ,4 � ., . . r, n a arws cw.o+.e Fi I .. s ti + i . yi' ,' ,ti= :r • QfIbATED RM ATIUN"DISTRICt y g w rae. '` ■• ...1 � ..��^'*'+^" •S, '•-` �.. wC1.uDED IN TjIrR MANAGEMENT LINT? I ja t xw• , .wart � I L-.`�- • - ,` >. ` �,..•�f �a Q Y aeun.ca 4' 00 BASE MAP SHOWS ROADS AND PARCEL12ATION IN ,ar,. •. „ •,. { : ,a+' y,.T _ .y - T• RURAL AREA, STREETS ONLY IN URBAN AREA ' ` •. r - ratan cf t.tt. • ■ ■ ■ {v. r _ 1..... �wF -+3-r`"'" •-_.i.., .:. ,�� - ., ,q ice. � tl ctr,.« 11 Other, areas that contain hi gh nitrate level s are identified by 'their high concentrations of septic tanks. Hardness; Well water containing over 2,UG-ppm of hardness, measured in calcium carbonate, is found in four relatively large areas which are shown in Figure 60 Two areas in the northeast and east areas are associated with Dog and Fancher Creeks. The third area is south and southeast of downtown Fresno, including part of the communities of Sunnyside, Calwa, Malaga, and Easton. The fourth area is the largest, generally extending west of Cornelia_ Avenue from Shields Avenge on the north to American Avenue on the south. Hardness Appears to be related to subsurface geologic factors and in some cases recharge of liquid wastes. Hardness of this magnitude is above the desirable upper limit for good quality water. Hardwater has no demonstratable harmful effects on health. However, hardness has an adverse economic impact on the area. It requires excessive soap consumption and softening of the water for use for some _industrial uses:. Hardness above 400 ppm was found in a relatively, small percentage of the plan Area. Salinity and Chlorides; High salinity, chloride, and nitrate content are present in water from: wells northwest of the Fresno meat Company brine ponds located in an area between :Fruit and Fig Avenues along North Avenue. A plume extends about one mile downgradi ent from the ponds (see Figure 7) . Nitrate content commonly eXceeding 45 ppm is also _ in this plume. Salinity and chloride content is high enough to cause problems for domestic or agricultural use. However, they do net pose a health hazard. Brine ponds have been used for many years at the site. Meat packing plant wastes are generally high in nitrogen.. In addition, wastewater at the Fresno Meat Company has been high in sodium and chloride content This company recently has been putting all of its liquid wastes, except`washdown water, into the public sewer. This will reduce some of the problems occurring at this plant. _Another area of relatively high chloride content was caused by a processing plant that operated 25 years ago. The area of degradation has enlarged several times in the intervening years now degrading water from 12 wells. However, the degree of degradation has been reduced from BCC ppm to 200 ppm. ` This is an example , of the difficulty of eliminating of groundwater pollution once it occurs. Other than the nitrate, chloride, salinity, and hardness degradation problems described above, there were no other groundwater pollutants observed in the 319 wells from which water was tested in 1971 and 1978, Potential Water Quality. Problemed Areas Industrial Wastes: : The resent methods of industrial tri waste disposal are _ s p o � gal sp poorly documented in or near the urban area. Fonds, stockpiles, seepage pits, and welds have been used for on -site disposal in the past. Controls placed on discharges of industrial wastes in the future will result in increased disposal at landfills and sewage treatment plants. Ultimate disposition of brines, trace`` elements, and organic chemicals are of concerti. Additional information is needed on the -location, of such ponds 131 it II I I LJ 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 • • soou7360 ��r�fiRl FIGURE b FRESNO COUNTY WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN AREA HARDNESS CONTENT F WELL WATER IN 1 VALUES IN MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE (-� LESS THAN 100 r 1 100 - 200 200-300 t. ;} 300-400 GREATER THAN 400 WE--L—LS • FRESNO-CLOVIS URBAN AREA • NORTHEAST FRESNO AREA •4 t :,•. ,:�f��£?'` . FRESNO-CLOVIS WASTEWATER RECLAMATION ..s - 4 •.� ' •~' `�^" •��� MONITOR WELLS :.,, � FACILITY OTHER k...,., �^T-'�.1 � � } �' ' �'� �� � � is �� � � � i6:ri � •� � �` :•• � � � .. '_ � '• -,*V .lwar •. ... �r.:1Y - _.♦ .- t :_ .,tl¢yl 1' l+ • ' • • < ? ti t .V �' 1 ;' :•1 • .0 Waa•IIO ..." . _ -�•. - 1 •. •f .t �..r - - F w....•_» NOTE PEPS ONHARDNESS M9ERN AND O PE E At .. L S • • a �� _� • _�-- u Wt•.cS a»f Y, x E ', ` ,• t "} •; a ` - j•� �•: r ..... SAMPLED THIS MAP SHOWS ONLYTHE RE>ULTS "S - • •� .,v }, �d r. } i' o .• 3:':.. OF REGIONAL MONITORING THE T`. T - • i `. _ '.W t �# '- - F •_:`� r F !"- Ii I MORE DETAILED SAMPLING IN PROEi� EM AREAS •. .. - «.. _ , :`` , ... - - e. 1 ARE DISCUSSED IN THE TEXT 1 - t1_ _. — j t ; 1. t'"`! - •1s •. i'►vTrt�,!.t"1,',• •y f� l f.e... MM1• ,t _ `� - ti ' -) :. ,,j,. Jf' _ ,. •! . 1 .• Lr.is1yN♦ 1P.6 Y ' F!t '' . Lj .• . d r 5 M'1 Y.( . I — 1 i • • ••�"_- , T.• r- 7 , I. . � . ., M•r4•, •FI'L1 P. ri,a•�y {�„—_._.—• — __•J' f1 1 •r • r� • w9 �•�Y wa •aa 1' a - �• e1• ��-1 I! ,1 11 i V a nw.cu.ww -,4 .r.,e,••n•r ••r •.. • �I1 •7 , .Z � - a•�♦ � o � � � � u..r wr. .a•..7. :'� ' r{t ^ �' — —_—' -- •` 1 .. I —'a .n'.� I rliu ..,t f•` .-. .. � y . 3 IR GgTto olsT I ::C.: • y• - o 7 wNC T IN *A R MANAGEMENT up X w•w -� r t1 7 i i • ,., •rrmu.a PARCELIZATION IN .1rw• �. ..a MASS MAP SHOTR ROADS ANO ep ••y• ,. , _ , ^y. +1` � "+,,,RAC AREA, STREETS ONLY IN URBAN AREA ly awa•x •. r•y .__ ram' .ti' •� �: - - yr • 1001-60 ;t a I j •♦ M +� i t 1 1 lJ [I 1 1 1 1 1 i� 1 1 sooK .�3 ) 0 Ig Ir r � 6 f, • � e�7:3fi0 r�afiR'1 M I feg Tr l 1 ♦ 1 f■...i.f.i _tea .,�.... �rt_ --{• - Z • • '! i _ , { '" _ - �_ ,s` - - ' }. 7 � i �rV-.(- .: �.^���...t. , • i FIGURE 7 FRESNO COUNTY WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN AREA CHLORIDE CONTENT 4F WELL WATER IN 1978 VALUES IN MG/L LESS THAN 25 25 —45 45-90 GREATER THAN 90 WELLS • FRESNO-CLOVIS URBAN AREA • NORTHEAST FRESNO AREA • FRESNO- CLOVIS WASTEWATER RECLAMATION FACILITY MONITOR WELLS ° OTHER 11 �. 1 aa. + • _ �` ° f it i i 1 ` � t ` � I 'N •.aon ! - I • ,,. 1 .tl it - ., + '-- _ ( -. r' • �,..•• '-'�,.� ,� _. i�_: r. w . I .� + 1 r • <r `. s.r.c o. _ • �. e t t - �`'_'' 1111 •' i t - I «_ �.� sA7 - • a a}tj g ER$Stt+v •I l .. • • `'`1 r. I :+►1 # Rid - r,i� '� � p . ° _. � t � .I t ! ) • • , •� h T J r� _ - .� JS7f,0.^ ♦ r ,' '• : f ¢' � '�' --- - - - — >Yy,;�.L�r tT -' _. s J.�..:4. i r _ r t... �J6r�"`i _} �i ,ju ', �, '�.;.. • T- .. .�t' a.r.,., `r- �l. _ - - .. , .,:.. H ... '. � _ • ' ,r�, � ° • � o :'�i :: a \` .. �•,• � '� ,;• _ 1. • 1 •`t •1 1 f� r 1 � - �.. �'?`� �1, s.. .. „�. L9. ,.-•i... . a ti c } ' ~a- . ,::.cs �! o _--�----+' _ •� • �, " l � .F is �-' r ( • 1 I 1 • • 1 CONSQC AVID IRRIGATION -DISTRICT ' +w ••,+"x" '_ ,. I � ',¢ \ - ° III• - (NOT INC wED IN MINER M�ANAGEMENf 41111T) I � '•w�1 •♦•.�� : 1. . Y� \ 1'S _ �� f l l .- � 1 � y • •...0.. 1 .wl• •• 1 ,' \ \ \\i,,f 1 J!•y^R J � .. - .. -a ... h r---�J. . . • ♦l twill.. � . :i .y' .d"', ,,� *'. u � I. .`� � ` �+! � . .. ~ 1 - � • , • 1 • • il. NOTE MAPS OF CHLORIDE CONTENT OF WELL WATER DEPEND ON THE NUMBER AND TYPE OF WELLS SAMPLED THIS MAP SHOWS ONLY THE RESULTS OF REGIONAL MONITORING THE RESULTS OF MORE DETAILED SAMPLING IN PROBLEM AREAS ARE DISCUSSED IN THE TEXT. BASE MAP SHOWS ROADS AND PARCELIZATION IN RURAL AREA, STREETS ONLY IN URBAN AREA 900360 The County Farm ;and Home Advisor presently assists area farmers in achieving optimum utilization of fertilizer and irrigation water. He is aware that high nitrate levels may be partially caused by agricultural return water and, therefore, will work with the County Health department's sa monitoring program to determine if return water is the cause. If it is, he will assist in trying to develop mitigation measures A tentative conclusion is that the primary, causative factor of high nitrates in this area is permeable topsoils deposited in former intermittent stream channels. This has allowed leaching andbuild up of nitrates from various sources flowing from other areas. Due to the types of crops grown coupled with low density domestic sewage systems, it is believed that the sources of the nitrates are primarily natural :and not solely from agricultural uses. Another large area with high nitrate content in the groundwater is located southwest of Downtown Fresno. In this area, as opposed to the ones above, fertilizer requirements for crops are greater and larger numbers of septic tanks are present. In this area, while the geologic conditions are similar, to those in the eastern areas, it is possible that man-made sources are responsible for at least some of the degradation. The regional wastewater treatment facility is just southwest of this Nitrate degraded area.. However, the treatment plant cannot be considered -a primary source of this nitrate problem since chlorides that are present in the recycled wastewaters_ of the treatment plant have not migrated northeast. Additional monitoring is needed to determine the source of the nitrate constituent. Existing records do not indicate the presence of any outer probable nonsource points of degradation of the groundwater in the Plan Area Immediate Steps to be Taken to Control Groundwater Degradation in the Plan Area Although the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board is developing control programs, only rather ineffective control programs for site -specific situations presently exist to identify, respond to- or prevent groundwater pollution in the Plan Area. Although waste discharge permits are issued by the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board, there has been little hydrogeologic input into the review and monitoring process. All significant discharges have not been identified, and waste disposal practices are poorly documented. Comprehensive monitoring programs have not been initiated in areas of present and potential degradation, Hydrogeologic conditions at most waste discharge sites are poorly documented. Areas where public sewers are available are still using septic tanks. Additional information is needed on the effect on groundwater quality of the use of storm water basins for both storm water disposal and intentional groundwater recharge, Recommended Actions 1. The State of California Central valley Regional Quality Control Board should set and enforce wastewater disposal limits defined it its basin plan for the food processing and industrial plants. identified in the plan as point sources of groundwaterdegradation. -3 t 2. The County of Fresno should complete its mandatory sewers program. Financial assistance from the State of California through a Clean Water Grant would enhance the probability of this being accomplished; 3. The County Department artment of Health Environmental Health System should increase its groundwater monitoring program in areas where nitrate Concentrations exceed 25 mill,igrams per liter and in developing rural residential areas which utilize septic tanks for sewage disposal: 4. The City of Fresno should re-examine its monitoring program at the Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility in order to provide more meaningful information of the effect of its disposal program on groundwater; and 5. The Fresno Metro Flood Control District develop olitan should a P P monitoring program at its storm Water basin sites to determine the effect of storm grater upon groundwater. Groundwater Quantity Problems The present method of supplying water for domestic use in the Plan Area is by pumping groundwater. This method of groundwater management allows natural processes to preserveand enhance the quality of the water placed there. Therefore, the key to assuring the area's generally excellent water` quality is to continue this method. Existing and potential problems with groundwater quantity in the Plan Area are largely in specific areas, rather than over the entire region. Many of these problems have only become obvious in recent years. Well Yield Problems: In some parts of the northeast rural residential area, there are insufficient well yields and recharge to supply water for full irrigation of five -acre lots. Areas away from the intermittent streams, particularly northeast of the Enterprise Canal, generally have capability for only a small amount of recharge. Adequate well.yields for large capacity, public -supply wells usually cannot be obtained, particularly northeast of the Enterprise Canal` . In some oases, the bedrock is very shallow and the alluvium is predominantly fine-grained. In some areas, sustained yields of individual wells on two-acre.lots will not be adequate for full irrigation. However, sufficient water* for domestic use and limited irrigation will probably be available, even under full development of all parcels. If water users want < to irrigate more extensi vely it may be necessary to import supplemental water from other areas of the Plan' Area, if water entitlements are available Potential groundwater quantity problems also exist in the Fresno -Clovis Urban Area. Adequate yields from future large capacity, public -supply wells will be a problem in some areas north of Herndon Avenue and east'of the San Joaquin .River, and in the northern and eastern parts of Clovis. This is,due to constraining subsurface geologic conditions where the alluvium is thinner and/or finer -grained, which decreases groundwater basin capacity and recharge capabilities. if the urban area expands to the north in the future, recharge will be a limiting factor. This might require use of a surface water system. z-a9 Flow of groundwater to the City of Clovis ;well field will be decreased due to development of the northeast rural residential area;. However, potential sites for intentionalrecharge are available upgradient of the City of Clovis well field that could provide adequate recharge of water from the area`s F.I.D. entitlement. Water levels will decline- due to the development of the west rural residential area and the northwest expansion of the urban area.. Thus future recharge will be necessary in this area. Storm water disposal basins can be used for this purpose. There has been a lack of hydrogeologic input into the construction, development, and testing of public -supply wells in the Fresno -Clovis Urban Area. bow yields have been obtained for some wells in the urban area, partly due to a lack of understading of,the subsurface geologic conditions. Well losses have not been quantified and, thus:, the well drawdowns in many cases may be greater than necessary, which results in increased energy consumption. Hydrogeol ogi c investigations are necessary in some parts of the area to determine the optimum location for drilling new wells. Recharge` Necessity: There is presently a`large amount of good quality canal water available to the City of Fresno, and other water purveyors.in the urban area. Present `.water distribution systems in the Fresno-Cl ovi s Urban Area are constructed on the basis of using wells as the source of supply. As the urban area develops, it will be necessary that this canal water be used to prevent overdraft of the Plan Area's' groundwater basin. Because construction' of water treatment plants is expensive, it is desirable to continue to using groundwater. Thus, recharge should ;be expanded and utilized to the maximum degree posssible.r ' Water budget calculations indicate that recharge of only about one--thi rd of the canal water available to the urban. area will be adequate to prevent long-term overdraft even under full development. Recharge of the full f amount of canal water available would pose two problems. it would eventually result in shallow groundwater levels, increasing the chances of pollution., and it would 'result in greater amounts of groundwater out flow to outside areas. The future use of "area water entitlements remains a substantial problem to be resolved, Groundwater Data Deficiencies: Future groundwater management in the Plan Area is dependent upon a thorough understanding of all components of the water budget, the subsurface ` geology, the hydraulic head distribution and the aquifer characteristics. The County, in cooperative agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey over a five-year period, is developing a groundwater model which will cover the Plan Area. Successful development of a groundwater model depends on an adequate data base. In order to calibrate. and use Such a model for'management decisions, s o specific measurements must be available. The di stributi ors of canal water and the consumptive use of water bye crops are the two largest items in the water budget of the area. Presently; some of the items of the water budget are not being measured in a manner that will allow incorporation into the groundwater model. w4D �Fm ,-_ 60; !,,G[ 6�9 Present major data deficiencies include the following: 1. Few geologic or elecri c logs to describe subsurface geology. . 2. poor knowledge of pumpage, except in the urban uses 3. Lack of delineationoflocal zones of perched groundwater and local confining beds. 4 Few records of water use in the rural residential ,areas. 5. lack of knowledge of thickness of hardpans, which is essential for future recharge plans. 5. A lack of long-term aquifer tests in much of the area, particularly in the rural and northeast rural residential areas. 7,. Lack of suitable water level measurements in some parts of the area. 8. Lack of knowledge of canal seepage losses. The agencies that are involved in the implementation of the plan should develop procedures for correcting these data deficiencies CHAPTER Il THE BEST MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR WATER QUALITY d i t Plan Area., - However, There is not. a serous problem of .;groundwater egradai�on n he an_; there are some limited areas of degradation that exist die to excessive amounts of nitrates, chlorides, salinity, and hardness. In Chapter IV of this report, these areas are enumerated, In addition, five actions that would improve groundwater quality are suggested. Additional actions are recommended in this chapter. Plan Area Water Management Cooperation One of the basic considerations of the plan is that all agencies involved in various aspects of.water supply should establish a more formal procedure for "cooperation.'- ''Cooperation` is the key to a successful plan. Each agency involved in water management has a direct or indirect influence on Plan Area water quantity and quality. The cities of Clovis and 'Fresno and Fresno County through their development controls and ordinances, as well as their General Plans, can control land use, the cities, County waterworks and water districts, private water companies, and the Fresno Irrigation District control the distribution of water; and the Metropolitan Flood Control District can impact groundwater quality and quantity by the manner in which its storm waster basin program is carried out. Included in the Task 8 Report of Volume 11 is a discussion of the four basic foyims of groundwater management. These include the creation of a new I -41 47360 ma.690 "umbrella" type district which could exercise whatever peers the agencies think appropriate, creation of a special, district using procedures of existing law, designation of one of the five existing agencies as "management authority," or creation of a cooperative agreement stating the responsibilities of each of the ,agencies in the implementation of the plan. This cooperative agreement could range from a formal Joint -Powers Agreement to a series of bilateral agreements between the various agencies, or a combination of both r The cities of Clovis and Fresno and several of the urban area waterworks districts have already entered into a series of such agreements with the Fresno Irrigation District and the Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District. These agreements provide; for the conveyance of water through F.I.B. canals from the San Joaquin and Kings Rivers to specified City of Fresno and Clovis recharge basins and to Fresno Metropolitan Flood _Control . District recharge basins. The development of some of these agreements was under the auspices of the Metropolitan Water Agencies Joint Committee. This Committee is composed of water purveyors in the urban area, but does not exercise direct authority over the actions of its members. During the public workshop process of the plans development, the apparent consensus of the representatives of the five agencies and the public,, was that some form of cooperative agreement would be necessary to insure agency cooperation. The plans recommendation is not specific as to the form such cooperation should take. Rather,it suggests that the five agencies' together with representatives from Plan Area waterworks districts (not represented by the Board of Supervisors), water districts end private grater companies, through the Metropolitan Agencies Joint Com ttee, agree to meet and confer with the objective of entering into an agreement with each other by August 30, 1980. The purpose of the agreement will be to set forth the roles of each agency as they relate to the Best Water Management Practices for water quality in the Plan Area- to determine whether or not any of the participating agencies wi l l become the managing agency or whether a new administrative agency should be established for management; or whether one of the existing agencies be modified to provide management; or whether a cooperative agreement will be the vehicle for plan implementation. Structural Nonstructural Techniques and In addition to obtaining.management cooperation, the plan provides direction for achieving the Plan Goals and Objectives as set forth in Chapter II. Theplan identifies 68 structural and nonstructural management techniques which can be used to implement the plan. The various agencies responsible for implementing the techniques are also identified. In some cases more than one agency will be responsible for a single technique} Local legislation will be needed to implement some of.the techniques. These 'nonstructural structural and management techn`� ues_ are identified and 9 9 evaluated in the Task 5:, 7, and 8 reports of Volume 11, Structural' techniques are those that are "physical" in nature, requiring capital outlay and general maintenance costs. They are techniques that generally fulfill the plan goals related to maximizing the available surface water -supply, conserving the grater resource for long-term beneficialuse, and assuring an adequate supply for the future. Nonstructural techniques are management techniques which are nonphysical. They are primarily local land use regulations, plans, and ordinances that directly or indirectly affect quality and quantity of the local water resource. The nonstructural techniques relate primarily to the plan goals of preserving the quality of the area's groundwater as the primary source of domestic water, and managing the water resource to the extent necessary' to insure reasonable, beneficial, and continued use of the resduce Conceptual Land Use Patterns Certain structural techniques were evaluated in Task 8 as being applicable to the present land use condition. Others were presented that wound b necessary to implement under current land use plans and projections to 1995, Five hypothetical conceptual land use patterns and their effect on hater supply and quality were presented in Task 8. These conceptual alternatives to existing land use plans were developed in order to assist local governing bodies in future land use decisions. This evaluation was undertaken to emphasize the Fact that land use decisions must take into consideration the effect such decisions will have upon the delicate surface f and groundwater balance, when such: decisions involve changes to existing surface water deliveries and groundwater flows. f In the Task 7 Report- of Volume II the costs of various alternative water systems related to each conceptual land use pattern are;eual.uated. For the purposes of this plan, all techniques recommended pertain to existing land use plans. If future changes in land use policy occur, then the best management practices . g p may .have to be amended The. information ` in Task 7 will help in determining the consequences of any such actions.,, Potential Re uirements for State Le islation The area agencies may find that, in order to provide the necessary tools to implement a. comprebensi ve water qua 1 i ty plan., it may be necessary to request the Legislature to provide additional enabling -statutes= As an example, Proposition 13 has placed financial restraints on local government. These restraints might, in future years, preclude the County of Fresno, the Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District, and other local governments from implementing the necessary actions to preserve water quality in the Plan Area. These agencies, prior to the passage of Proposition 1.3, relied heavily upon property taxes to finance ,area rater quality programs. Without increased revenues from local property taxes, local governments will have to seek other means of support to finance plan implementation. If a ,point -powers authority is formed, legislation might be necessary to allow the flexibility of local agencies to levy replenishment, basin equity, or other assessments so that the management program is properly financed. If a joint-poweips authority is established, the cities of Fresno and Clovis and the County should petition the State Legislature requesting that such powers be given the authority. I3 � E Local Cooperation With Agencies Outside the Plan Area Water quality is regional_ in nature and can be influenced by factors f outside the Plan Area boundary,, Large scale water mini rig i for instance) in adjacent districts within the Tulare Lake Basin could very well affect the quality and quantity of future underground water supplies in the Plan Area. Some of these surrounding areas are presently experiencing overdraft of their groundwater. In 1978 groundwater users in these areas and areas within the Plan Area created somewhat of a balance between ground and surface water use so than there was not an appreciable groundwater flow either into or out of the Plan Area, However, unbalanced withdrawals and/or recharge activities both inside and outside the area's boundaries could seriously upset this present groundwater quantity balance and thereby impact area water quality. As an example, extensive- groundwater pumping to the west and south to the Plan Area could adversely affect the groundwater levels within -the Plan Area. This pumping could be of such magnitude that the present system of groundwater extraction within the Plan Area would become impractical, requiring the direct use of surface water for domestic use. Not only would this greatly increase the cost of domestic water, it,,could cause problems of water quality control Cooperation with outside area water users, therefore, is highly desirable. Area agencies should: assist these users in their quest for supplemental surface water. Such additional water would enable them to achieve:a balance in their conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater, as is presently possible for water users within the Plan Area. This cooperative effort in turn would benefit ;;eater users within the Plan Area by decreasing the possibility of adverse pumping practices outside the Plan Area. After the cooperative agreement has been established, local agencies conjunctively should develop apropriate groundwater management relationships with surrounding districts, agencies, and counties. Best Management Practices Table 1 lists the best management practices to be utilized in achieving the plan goals and objectives. The techniques (best management practices relate well to the plan goals and objectives and, therefore, have been listed after each accordingly. Table i indicates whether or not the techniques are structural or nonstructural in nature, which entity or entities will be responsible for their implementation, and whether they are presently being implemented. It also indicates recommended time schedules for implementation. Three levels of implementation priority are recommended. First are those p p y techniques for which the responsible agencies have the ability of performing within their present capacity. ; These are listed as Priority A and are recommended for implementation within six months of the acceptance of the plan. Second., are those techniques which will require time for implementation. It may be necessary to pass or amend an ordinance, budget funds, establish procedures, etc These are listed as Priority . B and are -4 TABLE 1 BEST ;MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AS APPLIED TO GOALS AND OBJECTIVES TECHNIQUE Iti'EEMEFI� , t CRITERIA DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATION GOALS„ 2/ iaJ h+ 44 � � � C9 8 +� a �e raG Eel 0 e.� 2- OBJECTIVES.L`' , k wa cra cud ✓a ens z uz va.w w.r �, c� REST MANAGEMENT w ' c� tsr .e a: d ,var cr � PRACTICES + cs w a M1"x a I. TO PRESERVE AND ENHANCE EXISTING QUALITY OF THE AREA'S GROUNDWATER OY ESTABLISHING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS DESIGNED TO PREVENT DEGRADATION OF EXISTING WATER QUALITY A. Quantify the current degree of groundwater quality ' B. Determine areas of degradation of existing water quality and develop techniques to decrease or contain such degradation i. To actively pursue the securing of an E.P,A.,grant to study the X X X A effects on groundwater quality of storm water disposal in `oa c nt b P. To provide funs for a Stu y o the effects on groundwater X X A ualit o stnro water disloosal 1. o coordinate well water quay testing. activities among area X X X X X X C water purveyors 1/ Wherever the prase *water mans eot' authority* is used, it is meant to mean the area water management a envy, cooperative agreement, �. or whatever else results from t9e meet and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coo�r mated Plan implementation. 15�,', ; 2/ i lementattnn'tl6tit'"Schedule -- Presenty rnp emen e . A - To be Ir lemented within six months of Plan acceptance. B -.TO, be Implemented within 12.months of Plan acceptance. C - To beL implemented within 30 months of plan acceptance. " 3 QRItCTiVtS. taX �C3 rs C) cu -j aC rz BEST i 1NAGEHRNT w p. t•- x = � ca w a h 0 °� w c� vn .z, c+ ca PRACTICES an .�: a. w � � � r s ca � � U. a. tj to cxro Z. = W 9 _j W a C. Develop a continuinggroundwater quality monitoring system 1, To review its current groundwater m�►nitoring program and seek ways in X which to assure that testin procedures, including samping and Laboratory analysis work, are car- tied out in a manner that assdros on _. 2, To' monitor groundwater quality in rural residential areas to deter X k mine the extent of degradation of groundwater by septic tanks. if there is unacceptable degradation, a deter=minattion of the structural measures necessary to eliminate degradation with he required M R, Develop the necessary land use policies and controls to preserve the quality of the area's groundwater 1. Conditional Zoning � � to require P landscaping, drainage facilities, X X X X M and other related conditions of approval where needed to reduce water runoff and soil erosion Y 1/ Wherever the p1hrasc water manag,e-mat authority" is used, it is meant to mean the area water mnagement agency, cooperative agreement, or whatever else results froo the meet and confer process to determine the hest vehicle to carry out coordinated Flan implement 2I Implementation Mority'Scnedule .may presently I Ieann e A -. To be implemented within six months of Flan acceptance. h - To be implemented within 12 months of Plan acceptance C w To be implemented within 30 months of Flan aceeptanne. � 4 i ' r s TABLE l (continued){ { v CRITtRIA TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY IMPLEMLN- TATION GOALS, l� 2/ w e �_ i OBJECTIVES, ��. `o aotj-Ck o Kc o 40► �-► c3aca tea- "._.c. M- w_j BEST MANAGEMENT � M �+W� PRACTICES Q H � ne WHO ACC. WUj 2. Solid Waste Disposal Restrictions and Ordinances �-W to prevent pollu tants front the '^ X p' entering ground- i water through regulation of solid waste disposal activities an a ory ever r rianGe -A o reduce nitrate levels in the X X X X X P metropolitan areaL by secondary . ea e, treatment 4. Air Pollut on Control Ordinances -- to reduce the disposition of air X X X P pollutants such as lead in auto- mobile emissions from being deposited on land surfaces and ultimately bein transported to storm wattir. basIns via runoff °51 Grading and Ducharge Ordinances - to reduce water runoff, soil X X X X X P errosion a d sedimentation 6. Subdivision an eve oent - Ordinances -- to provide for X X X X I' proper drainage, channelization, and watershed protection 7. Nitrogen Eerti MLoading Education -- to reduce the amount X X P of nitrogenfertilizers entering ground and surface waters by: appropriate educat#ono i ragr2uns_.. li Wherever the phrase *water mans anent z�uthority" is used, it is meant to atean the area water management agency, cooperative agreement, or whatever else results from Re weet and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinated plan Implmantation.' + 2ra lementation Pri0tty Schedule Presently implemented. A - To be Implemented within six months of Plan a+cceptaoce B _ To be Implemented within I2 months of Plan acceptance* C - To be Implemented.within 30 months of plan acceptance rOBJECTIVES,„� Lt,i,:�i ;t� .� 1 Ci i-» in Al �, w w ea -j Ke ,C4 o cn we W tS7 FplNt G 4t1ElJT w am- � � w 8� � ; tt► ACTICC'S ►-• a '10 u 12. To regulate the location of wells in relationship to starve runoff x X X X Pi basins to provide proper spacing between public `supply wells and storm runoff basins. Also, the depth and proximity to existing produc'tiott, wells of any dispaSal wells or shafts should he re ulated .. o coot ni e Mr-*'- era ;nr Min desigh and locatiatl when possible X C with the groundwater management AL 14. to develop a maintenance routine and/or collection system to X remove pollutants from storm water basins if.a deterMinatiOn is made that said pollutants are adversely affecting ground4ater quality, 5. To apply. necessary ;control measures to regulate industrial wastes Including, but not 'limiteu to, the fc�l ls�t�g* a. tintbg of disposal or holdin ponds with impermeable materials X X X X X X g b Controlling the amount of toxic materials at the source Dint _ 11 Wherever the ter se "wat+�r Mama ement authority" is used, it is meant to mean the area water management a envy, cooperative agreement, or whatever else results from t o meet and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coo- mated plan implementation. 2/ l lementation P0600•schedule mp emen e A ^ to be implemented within six months of Plan act# banm. 0 w is be implemented with R 12 months of plan acceptance. C To be implelhented within 3li months of plan acceptan ,e. ,w„ TECHNIgUE IMPLEMEN. CRITERIA, DESCRIPTIO" RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATIUN 21 GOALS, Cn MI ate' OBJECTIVES, �- � ca pWp�� w M ' c`�e r Q cs rn a U_ In e.1 to a z w�� �K 2h�-' cacaw REST MANAGEMEIiTu`� ' ca in.t. o c� ww sue' PRACTICES V� �= W't a.. 0 �tw � u w U ac, c u� r- oc� r - a. cj w + 0: Orm CL =cup. ze I - a Q c. Monitoring of discharges and their effect on groundwater 16. To apply necessary control measures'< to regulate wineriesr raisin plants, and similar food processing facili- ties including, but; not limited to, the following: a. Require removal of leathers at the food processing facilities X X X X X � S b» Investigate sui'tahiltiy of growing crops lit the disposal fields to order to remove oltra- gen. If found to be feasible,, procedures should be implemented to plant suitable crops c. Evaluate trace elements in winery wastewater to determine their effect on groundwater. If found to be detrimental to groundwater, procedures should be instituted to control these trace elements at the source d. Monitor discharges and their effect on greaurdwater l/ Wherever the phrase "water management authority" Pima is cased', it is meant to mean the area water management a1ency, cooperative agreement or whatever else results from the meet and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinated Plan. implementation, 2/_ I lementat o Pribrit .. Sch6dula: ,. Presently a ip emen A _ To be implemented within six months of plan acceptance. itY - 1'b be implemented within 12 moths of flan acceptance. C - To be Implemented within 30 months of plan acceptance. i TABLE l (continued) CRITERIA . TECElNItIUE DESCRIPTION W M Will INN RESPONSIBLE AGENCY I!4'LEMEN- TATION , GOALS* p - R tea.► tA 0Ing vif -d i OBJECTIVES, .Qcla .7"' �" ate, � (. 6'�t }.� 5 � = C> V 0 , i `ty t%IteJ � C,Za' I %9 *>. UA_jCl < l BEST MANAGMENT PRACTICES c7 t3. a= «t U it r.ti O is= V"li tW � Ct+ 3 *.4 �..j Lam` 8sl "✓' w.j"'" ,w-'. � t11� *_4 Ci t/1 ; . !-E ;�-y* A+ C) s� tom. crrapoll w ►-. 8►t 17. To provide in its Ordinance Code I standards to facilitate control at x X disposal wells and provide for greater protection of groundwater.Provisions should he made for a qualified hydro foist to review the Proposed well Prior to,approval 18. To implement the following control ►-� measures in relationship to the location and development of Its 4.� storm water 'basins a. the depth of exravatioa of storm runoff basins and the depth of X X associated recharge shafts B should he controlled to provide a minimum depth to groundwater surface. The bottom of the basin or shaft should not ex- tend within 10 feet of the ` highest anticipated water level in the vicinity b. Care should be exercisesi in developing basins in or adja- cent to areas of per coed water l/ Wherever the phrase Nater management authority" is used, or whatever else frow the it is meant to man the area water management agency, cooperative agreement results meet and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinated Tian implementation. 2/ Implementia Iorr prig ` Ct ` `Schedule { Presently emen e a A - To be Implemented within six moths.of Planacceptancex R w to be implemented within 12 months of Plan acceptance. �.. C „ To be implemlanted within 30 months of plan acceptance. w TABLE l (continued) TECHNIQUE IMPLEMEN- ; 011EBIA DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATIQN, GOALS, OBJECTIVES, J � � >- C� fX *i G � xx W tK �,. C] � W L, 1-+ F-f GC c� � Ga !/1 .! r-e a,� a ca o U � � CC O c y «-� W x +J W W Q ok 0 to ix BEST MANAGEMENT w a a s ! �-. c-aa Ru to r-� W - x g :c d Ce , ax ry cn Cs • w rw 1Z Cr +-+ PRACTICES r., + c.t t-- w. c� 0 W crop , C. Presently,'the long-term impact � of recharging canal, water ioto- storm runoff basins is largely X C unknown This practice should not be expanded until sufficient mnnitoring.data are available to demonstrate that this practice y will not have adverse impacts on groundwater quality II. TO PRESERVE UNTREATED GROUNDWATER AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE' OF DOMESTIC WATER A. Determine: means of insuring water quality standards are met B. Utilize the existing groundwater delivery sys teat to the maximum extent passible before `converting, to alter• native surface water systems for doolestic supply r y 1. to not line canals unless abso- lutely necessary for public health the integ- X X C and safety and t rity of its canal system I/ Wherever the phrase Nater management Authority'" or whatever else, results from the meet and confer is used, It is meant to mean the.area water management agency, cooperative agreement, process to determine the best Vehicle to carry out coordinated elan implementation, �^ 2l Implementation prier'it `Schedule - Presently implemented,`+ A - To be implemented within six months of plan acceptance. B - To be impleanted within 12 months of Plan acceptance. To be implemented within 30 months of plan acceptance. . TABLE l (continued) TECHNIQUEMPLEMEN- CRITERiA DESCRIPTIOti RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATION GOALS, l! 2/ ' 22 OBJECTIVES,ai cL a c cs a a'j a� a v a, a c, ea w c4 x H w ww '°[ c c;a z�ffj tU. �--� ora 3w wow BEST MANAGEMENT [( rW a # - x f ��y t.a 9 M —.t qz a� � � cr�� �t � ca �.n � ,-+ q iL' .' QC w H ,W C, A a W, M G] w O •Lea a+ i1 i t, ed PRACTICES w ►-� u cal i- u_ a U cx +eras " a a ca i To prepare and adopt a Groundwater Recharge Ordinance to implement X X X X B Government Cade Section 66484.5 Groundwater Rechar facilities 3.' o rezone potential recharge basins to open space and conservation X X X X di icts seek an amendment to is water delivery contract with U.S. Bureau X X C of Reclamation, to provide more flexibiIit for.. . To expand is current recharge program to the North and east X X C 6. To continue and expand the use of district basins for groundwater X k C recha e 7. To the maximum extent possible, i"IU, without jeopardizing its X X C agricultural water users, allow the utilization of its conveyance facilitles for Impt+ entation of 1p the , flg§t,flanag an 8. To preserve canals wherever feasible for use by the Management authority X X X C when no longer needed for Agri cultral uses � l/ Wherever the phrase "water management authority" is used, in is meant to mean the area water management agency, cooperative agreement, or whatever else results from the meet and Confer process to deterainti the hest vehicle to carry out coordinated Plan implementation, 2/ Implementation >xridrit'`Sthtdole Presently implemented. A - To be implemented within six months of Plan acceptance. a - To be implemented within 12 months of plan acceptance. G - To be implemented within 30 months of plan acceptance TECHNIQUE IMPLEMEN- CRITERIA DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATIUN I GOALS, ! 1 ! i% o / �►�-. a M to co b-�, OBJECTIVES,] �� ~w �o w +c) � ts. W w H W c�a to -j"" u" C� d i.. ato C t vp ac es ci tr t— u . y h LZ 9 = bC it. is- Ca w t/t F.s = .j � C� h W � Uj 4r- BEST MANAGEMENT c a r � W u�`3 tie cs �' � Q � C) � C] M = Ca 4 C) z t-� O >- W ::.- La ..t =y L w PRAXZ CTICES � ,,,,, � a � ta» r + ,zr W 3 � .-, t-% E.. � � U W o �«.p 0.e i-� w .o � c� o tt. 0. t a� a as t� n 8 tY, tJ 1xt W � � z1. � Ck iw^ cn M. ' C. Promote agricultural activities that provide beneficial water recharge 1. To work with the Cities of Fresno and Clovis in Implementin a X X C Program to encourage utilization by agricultural users of surface water entitlements in lieu of pumped wager 0. Increase the utilization; of ground- water recharge basins to the maxirrc extent feasible, consistent with the availability of water for recharge 1.To adopt a Groundwater Recharge Facilities Plan. This plan should X X X X X X C be ,prepared in conjunction with the groundwater management autho- rit 2. To expand the use of district basis for recharge _ X X X C 3. To continue and expands recharge agreements with the Cities of X X X X X R Fresno and Clovis and all appro- priate, waterworks 4istriets if Wherever the phrase "water management authority" is_use4. it is meant to mean the area water management agency. c+ooeratiVe agreement or whatever else results from the ;meet and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinated Plan implementation. % Imp le, merit`atIon Peiarlt *Schedule.;. �x T---Pres6ntly Implemented. A - To be implemented within six months of Man acceptance. a h - To be Implemented within 12 months of Plan acceptance. ter► C _ To be Implemented within 30 months of plan accgatancn, _ z X TABLE I (continued) TECHNIQUE IMPLEMEN- CRITERIA DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATIOiN i GOALS,EN 4-) c+c « c; c► u. ►.. r. o to +s OBJECTIVES w� Q o Ica` -Ica oc1w z REST ;PlAREMENT a�`° w w 1. �;X- v� o Q* PRACTICES W •-+ Ca 0a w Z3 � . ►u .- w zu W 4 To coordinate basin design and loca- tion when possible with the Ground- X X G water Management Authority III.. TO MAXIMIZE Tl1E AVAILABLE WAFER SUPPLY INCLUDING CONJUNCTIVE USE OF BOTH SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER A. Provide for the movement of water from supply sources and areas of excess to areas of need by surface and/or ground- ... wafter distribution systems consistent with adapted land use policies 1. To the maximum cadent possible, without ,jeopardizing Its agricu.l-� X X C aural water users, allow the utili- zation of the Fresno Irriation Oistrices conveyance facilities for implementation of the Best 14anageme9l elin_ Develop Dry Creek Reservoir for storage of water delivered in off- X X C season by ,existing canals, with required extensions, for delivery down Dry Creek for infiltration' I/ Wherever the phrase "water mana ement authority" is used, it is meant to mean the area water management agency, cooperative agreemeniA�� or whatever else results item the meet and: confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinated Plan implementation.•.,,, 2/ Implementation PHgtit''SCfid!f ale A .. Toe beimplementedwithin six months of Plan acceptance;. _ $ - To be implemented within 12 months of plan acceptance, - C - 7,6 be implemented within 30 months of plan acceptance. 'TABLE l (continued) CRITERIA TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY IMPLEMEN- TATION GOALS 21 OBJECTIVES�.. � - mow.. 8, �� � T4M�� 151, � A cameo 9 .� BEST MANAGEMENT pRAtaIICES w � ce � ugz w c w s + �rt tee"` ► ua ,-, c> a. ; If water entitlement can be obtained, locate recharge areas X X � C with cpn�iunctive well fields in existing rural residential area northeast of the Enterprise Canal. Construct surface conveyance system as re ui Utilize surface water for irriga. ti0o by large stater users such as X X X X California State University, Fresno, Woodward Park, Roeding Park, public gait course$* etc. where existing canal Systems Are 00 S. Within F.I.O. entitlement area,,, develop necessary surface convey- X X XC ante facilities to provide surface irrigation water to lands presently utilizing groundwater for agri- cultural uses R♦ Develop the necessary land use policies to prevent long-range over4r4aft 1. Adapt the necessary land use Policies to implement the ground- X X � C water n;anagement authority's land use strategy.. This would include General, Community* Specific and Spheres of Influence Plans _ .. lip Wherever the phrase "water management authority" Or whatever else results from the greet is used, it is meant to mean the area stater management agency, :. cooperative agreement, and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinated Plan implantation. 2/ lementation Ariorit chedule resen ly iMP lemented A To be implemented within six months of plan acceptance. P, - To be *PleffientOd Within 12 months of Man acceptance C - is he is lemented within 30. months of plan acceptance. Y cc TABLE 1 (continued) TECHNIQUE 114PLEMEN- ;' CRITERIA DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGtNCY TATION GOALS, 1/ � � � 2 41- OB,IEGTIVES, c Q= G7 >- " ►.r <0 `° W c? LA.ta CD v w w CA r- _j L.- ra ;-- .— 3 O c., i 19: t7 tJ O _j «"C h w iC W � u. I O kw Vi . w m rt _j qC �, �C N L� ra },,x � a, Ui f'J .t-- • ( CW u• BEST MANAGEMENT ` VU.Y w n a-• F :� i o ate-+ w� t +� w a :'�L cr► �, C) �" c �• PRACTICES ' U U �`' �- t� � a. � w a M cK rrm � a. ■ w �-+ � � t,.» � � a. 2. To prepare a conjunctive Ground- water and Surface Water Management X X C Facilities Plait to insure that sur- face water allocations to the Plan Area are utilized most efficiently for recharge 3. To assist he Cities of Fresno and;< Clovis and the County of Fresno in X X B implementing Government Gode.66484.6 Groundwater Recharge Facilities 4. To have all area wa er agencies contract with the Fresno irrigation X X C Districts the State 'of California and/or the Bureau of Reclamation for all surface waters which can be be of c . Ta work with; the Cities of Fresno and Clovis In implementing a prop X X G gram to encourage utilization by agricultural users of surface water '. entitlements in lieu of pumped water 4 It Wherever the phrase "water management authari y" is used« it is meant to mean the area water management agency, cooperative agreementm or whatever else results from the met and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinated Plan implementation. 2/ IMplementation Prid it Schedule - Presently implemented, A - To be implemented within six months of Plan acceptance. a - To be implemented within 12 months of Plan acceptance, C - To be implemented within 30 months of plan acceptance. CUiTERIR TECHNIQUE DESCRIPTIMI RESPONSIOLE AGENCY IMPLEMEN- TATION 08JEC't'iitES, d � �. cC ca � aG u. e.a �. t � �- ...� ►-. � c,., ca, 4 w v, W l � cr ca k.,x z ►s cr3 �Ca � Jt� g. �-* n UJ BEST FANAGEiENI �?�w dyw . ► tai � t7 WA+ .♦ +rr�J !dM.�J Cy l4y.+W�lr+ PRACTICESei DiNV!. rW+v+.{ + . M�FKi ♦ ..e+' W K 9 •t3 Wy.CA C, w4 CL. D CONSERVE THE WATER RESOURCE FOR LONG ERM BENEFICIAL USE AND TO ASSURE AN DEQUATE SUPPLY FOR THE FUTURE ♦ Develop reasonable water conservation measures for urban: rural residential,; and agricultural areas I. lostall water efficient toilets, shower heads, and faucets in new X I X X or re lacement construction Z. Insulate not wa er p' pes , n a new or relacement construction 3. MUM I water a Or n new construction utilizing camxunity X X x 8 wat . Institute a water conservation program by dune I, 1$80, with X x 8 the objective of achieving signi- ficant reduction in per capita water use utilizing techniques out ne4 t e Cit a �!v's 19 aneraio�i Pr titer nor! -. Eliminate the long-i4a overdraft of groundwater through water conserva- I tien, recharge, and other programsLl I/ Wherever the phrase "water management authority* is used, it is meant to wean the area water manageont a ency , cooperative agreemot, r or whatever else results from the meet and confer process. to deteraine than best vehicle to carry out coor mated plan Implementation, �� �tt�lemet�tatic�rt �ri+�ri�' 'Sch+�du�e�� A _ To be implemented within six months of plan acceptance. 7 B - `Co be implemented within 12 waths of plan acceptance. C * To be inlemented within 30 months of plan acceptance. TABLE I (continued) TECHNIQUE IMPLEM EN- CRITERII DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATION GOALS,1 *TIn j Mt Ck OBJECTIVES, ccvC3ti, C1 cry 'q ►� cry c� '» a, ta:, t-- a� BEST ItA AGE t N?s ' ! u� . �ii 6-• ivs i�ca PRACTICES w #a"t Ul a. c a tr ua I~. Avoid waste, or unreasonable use, or method of extraction, so that well interference Is minimized 1. To coordinate a water well agree- ment among public water purveyors, X x' individuals and Companies for well design and location and to en- ` courage coWltaoce with these standards. o:-develop, Ru a nes for the es -n and the location of new wells in X D order to minimize water well inter- ference and other problems. This agreement should allow for review and comment of new well locations by flan Area water companies, districts end water de ar meots. ar tag w t other area water pur- veyors, help develop guidelines x x x x � O for the design and the location of new wells in order to minimize water well interference and other problems, These guidelines l/ Wherever the hrase 'water mane ement authority" Is used. it is meant to mean the area water management agency, cooperative agreement, or whatever else results.from the meet.and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carryout coordinated Plan implementation. 2 I . lementa *A riarit' 'Stiiedule resen y mp emen e , A - To be imple"Ient8d within six months of Plat) acceptance. h a To he implemented within 12 Mnths of Ilan acceptance. C To be implemented Within 30 months of plan acceptances { TABLE 1 (continued) TECIINIQU CRITERIA DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY ITATIONN� TAitON GOALS, Q 1/1 r. 1 t rr RIC Ca 1 4i ttiR► IrJG8;t'�'� iW mid Q W W 0, K " w.. C V16 d9 Q t-- � OBJECTIVES, >- x �I` �' H za : 1-. ,,, 2: U. W. H � � � Kt Ca s'C C°3 � ta IM �r � , 4n" BEST HARAGEMENT � � � ..'_ � � = 12 w a u+ � u !� � * � � I� { '=;► ail �.. !'� - Q.' C3 N t Uj g Q • ld.f i�il W PRACTICES rn V6 ,..4 ca c - a U � crca; A. � t-- _ NO - should allow for review and comment on new well locations by plan Area companies, districtsoand the city water departments Y. TO MANAGE WATER RCSOURC FS TO THE EXTENT VECESSARY TO INSURE REASONABLE, BENEFI- CIAL, AND CONTINUED USE OF TOE RESOURCE A. Empower a local entity or entities to administer a comprehensive water management program within- the frame» work of California State law and policy, 1. The five governing agencies agree to meet and confer with the objec-- X X X X X Live of entering into an a reement with each other by August 16, 1980. The purpose of the agreement will be to set forth the roles of each agency as related to the new grater management entity, to determine_ whether or not any of the partici. gating agencies will become the managing agency or whether a new administrative agency should be established for such function# or whether one of the existing agencies 11 Wherever~ the hrase "water management authority" is used, it is meant to mean the area waiter management agency, cooperative agreement. or whatever a se results from the meet and confer process to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinated Plan implementation, 2t Implementation Priarit j `Sgh6dule Presentlyimp) Ate4. A -- To be implemented within six months of plan- acceptance. O - To be irmplr+ented Within iP months of Plana acceptance. C - To be implemented within 30 months of plan acceptance. 40 . t TABLE l (continuedl TECHNIQUE IMPLEMEN- CRITERIA DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATION Gi?ALS, 1/ 2/ tit H Ln � 13 t�.i°7 RAJ CX 0� h F- ?L W OBJECTIVES, + C a- ° t� C? r a te. � 1-t /-y i-� C) 9s1 WW tL [a i« Ll �s► U^1 C) h ?• aw pC rZ' wa d. Q C:k :3e LU BEST MANAGEMENT ih t «.9 W a. to US J � Q' � <C `3► ' e-e r+ O PRACTICES a� a u u wau ac Cr to a _Jre C should be modified to provide such function; or whether a cooperative agireement will be the vehicle for P an implementation o e erm ne an equitable means ,� collecting and disbursing revenues X X C to finance #mplementation of the Best Management Plan for water quality o petitlon the a e eg s at e, to enact legislation allowing the X X X X X B, mana emeat authority (regardless of form to levy replenishment and basin equity assessments and giving it other approorlate powers . TO eep a water' management authority advised of funding avail- X X X able to implement plan objectives B. Manage groundwater and surface water resources conjunctively wherever practicable 1. To Mork with the Fresno Irrigation District, Consolidated Irrigation X X District, icings River Conserva- tion district, 'County of Madera, Raisin City Water pistrict,and other purveyors and users of water as may be appropriate, to protect the water rights and entitlements of if Wherever the phrase "water management authority" is used, it is meant to mean the area water management agency, cooperative agreement, or whatever else results from the meet and comer process to determine the best vehicle to carry_out coordinated Plan implementation* x lemerta !onPriarit'!'Schedule iesee y impleme# e A r To be implemented within six months of Plan acceptance. B - to be Implemented within U months of Plan acceptance. C ~ To be implemented within 30, months of Plan acceptance, TABLE I (continued) TECHNIQUE IMPLEME CRITERIA DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCY TATIONimam '. GOALS, cc ca tA OBJECTIVES ECTIV.ES, a`c i'c, w' . U_ M .c L) -' o o ac a Co x wry .tee F- u� V� �-. i-' va C) a 7► H C1 BEST MANAGEMENT +u e- a w t� w � ca �c w frs ca c c-r w PRACTICES v °-' C) C) w a a i-- 4 a. the water users within the Plan Area 27 o make avatiabli a wa er quality information Containee within the X A management plan to persons applying water we l dril , Dermit s 3 To continue the Current Reclaime Water Exchange Program between the X X X X A City of Fresno and the Fresno r D c 4 dss st wa er users ou s e e X X X X X X Plan Area in obtaining supplemental surface water' entitlements from the State of Califortyla and the United j s States 0-0 l/ Wherever the phrase "water management authority" is used, it is meant to wean the area water management agenc , cooperative agreement, or whatever else results: from the meet And confer process. to determine the best vehicle to carry out coordinaled Plan implementation. 2/ in lementation'Prinrit Schedule P­--presen y Implemented. A µ To be Implemented within six months of Plan acceptance� B - To be implemented within 12 months of Plan acceptance. t`r� C To be implemented within 30 months of plan acceptance, t BOOK 736o r'f ,, ! TABLE 2 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES BY AGENCY Development of Agreement The five agencies, along with representation From. Plan Area Waterworks Districts (those net represented by the Board. of Supervisors), Water Districts, and private water companies through the Metropolitan dater Agencies Joint Committee, agree to meet and confer with the objective of entering into an agreement with each other by June 30# 1980, The purpose of the agreement will be to set forth the roles of each agency as they, relate to the best water management practices for the Plan 'Area; to determine whether or not any of the participating agencies will Ibecame the managing agency; agency 'i n a enc ; or whether a new admini sttati ve a`` enc should be established for management; whether one of the existing agencies should be modified to provide management; or whether a cooperative agreement will be the vehicle for plan implementation. Recommended Coordinated Actions The new water management entity shall be responsible for the rol i owl ng 1. To develop working groundwater management relationships with other districts, agencies, and counties. Z. To prepare a conjunctive Groundwater and Surface Water Management Facilities Plan including an expanded data collection program. 3. To coordinate a water well agreement among public water purveyors individuals, and companies for well design and location and to encourage compliance with these standards. 4. To coordinate a well water quality testing program -among, area water purveyors 5. To determine an equitable means of collecting and disbursing revenues to finance implementation of the Best Management Plan for water quality. 7360 714 6. To develop an areawide land use strategy as it relates to water quality and supply with the objective of achieving optimum conjunctive use of ground and surface water. 7. To work with the Fresno I rrigation District, Consolidated Irrigation District, Kings River Conservation District, County of Madera, Raisin City Water District, and other purveyors_ and users of water as may be appropriate to protect the water rights and entitlements of the water f users within the Plan Area. 8. To establish appropriate groundwater quality standards for the Plan. Area and develop a groundwater monitoring program � 9. Providing for public participation in its meet and conferprocess referred to above and during future plan development Recommended Actions for the City of Fresno 1. To -adopt a Groundwater Recharge Facilities Plan. This plan should be coordinated with other local agencies. 2. To petition the Mate Legislature to enact legislation allowing the p g g 9 management authority to levy replenishment and basin equity assessments and giving it other appropriate powers. 3. To prepare and adopt a Groundwater Recharge Ordinance to implement Government Code Section 66484.5 (Groundwater Recharge Facilities). 4. To rezone potential recharge basins to an Open Space and Conservation" District at the time -the water,.management authority determines the appropriate location of groundwater recharge sites 5. To institute a water conservation program by June 1, 1980 with the objective of achieving significant reduction in per capita water use. utilizing techniques outlined in the April, 1977 Dater Conservation Report of the City of Fresno. 6. To review and amend the zoning ordinance to provide that all land uses which represent potential water supply or wastewater problems*be subject to hydrogeologic review and mitigation procedures Such procedures should allow elected officials the right to require special conditions of approval related to water conservation and waste disposal methods. r 7. To apply appropriate floodplain zoning to all floodplains'as designated by the Federal Insurance Admi ni,strati on, 8. To seek an amendment to its water delivery contract with the U.S. Bureau of.Reclamation to lend flexibility as to when and how the City's Bureau water allocation is utilized. 90 To expand its recharge program at Leafy Acres and other appropriate areas. ;71,N.0_ 7,16 Recommended Actions for the City of Clovis 1. To adopt a Groundwater Recharge Facilities Plan. This plan should be coordinated with other local agencies. 2. To petition the State Legislature to enact legislation allowing the management authority to levy replenishrent and basin equity assessments and give it other appropriate powers. 3. To prepare and adopt a Groundwater Recharge Ordinance to implement Government Code Section 65404.5 - (Groundwater Recharge Facilities). 4. To ,rezone potential recharge basins to an "Open Space and Conservation" District at the time the water management authority determines the appropriate location of groundwater recharge sites. 5. To adopt the water conservation measures enumerated in the plan for new construction by June 30, 1980 page 5 of Task 7. and page 25 of Task 8} &. To review and amend the zoning ordinance to provide that all land uses which represent potential water supply or wastewater problems, by p p R subject to hydrogeol ogi c review and mitigation procedures Such procedures will allow elected officials the right to require special conditions of approval related to waver conservation, waste disposal methods, etc. 7. To apply appropriate'floodplain zoning to all floodplains as designated by the Federal Insurance Administration. 8. To expand its current recharge program to the north and east based on need and capability. p Y g. To apply necessary control measures to regulate wineries, raisin plants, and similar food processing facilities including, but not limited to, the following: a. Require removal of leathers at the food processing facilities. b. Investigate suitability of growing craps in the disposal fields 1n order to remove nitrogen. If found to be feasible. procedures should be implemented to plant suitable craps. c Evaluate trace elements in winery wastewater to determine their affect on groundwater. If found to be detrimental to groundwater, procedures should be instituted: to control these trace elements at the source. d. Monitor discharges and their effect on groundwater. 10. To apply necessary control measures to regulate industrial waste including, but not limited to,, the fol l cwi nO where appropriate: Bt7ok 7'�60 715 10. To apply necessary control measures to regulate wineries, raisin T]ants, and similar food processing facilities including, but not imited to, the following: a. Require removal of leathers at the food processing facilities. b Investigate suitability of. growl ng crops in the disposal fields in order to remove nitrogen. If found to, be feasible, procedures shouldbe 'implemented to plant suitable crops. C. Evaluate trace elements in winery wastewater to determine their affect on groundwater. If found to be detrimental to groundwater, procedures should be instituted to control these trace elements at the source. d. Monitor discharges and their affect on groundwater. 1.1. To apply necessary control measures to regulate industrial wastes including, but not limited to, the following: a. Lining of disposal or holding ponds with impermeable material. b. Controlling the amount, of toxic materials at the source point. c. Monitoring of discharges scharges and their affect on groundwater. 12. To regulate the Iodation of wells in relationship to storm runoff basins to provide proper spacing between public -supply wells and storm runoff basins. Also, the depth and proximity to existing production wells of any disposal wells or shafts should be regulated. 13. To provide in its Ordinance Code standards to facilitate control of disposal wells and provide for greater protection of groundwater. Provisions should be made for a qualified hydrogeologist to review the proposed well prior to approval. 14. To adopt the necessary land use policies to implement the groundwater management authority's land use strategy. 15. To work with other area water purveyors to help develop guidelines for the design and the location of new wells in order to minimize water well interference and other problems. These guidelines should allow for review and comment on new well locations by Plan Area companies, districts, and the City of Clovis Water Department. 16. To coordinate well water quality testing activities among area water purveyors. 17. To assist water users outside the Flan in obtaining supplemental surface water entitlements from the State of California and the United States f 1 -67 Book a. Lining of disposal of holding ponds with impermeable material b Controlling the amount of toxic material at the 'source point, c . Mo nitoring of discharges and their affect on groundwater. 11. To regulate the location of wells in relationship to storm runoff basins to provide proper spacing between public-supply_wells and storm } runoff basins. Also, the depth and proximity to existing production wells of any disposal wells or shafts should be regulated. 12. To provide in its Ordinance Code, standards to facilitate control of disposal wells and provide for greater protection of groundwater. Provisions should be made for a qualified hydrogeologist to review the proposed well prior to approval 13. To adopt the necessary land use policies to implement the groundwater management authority's 'land use strategy. 14. To work with other area water purveyors to help develop guidelines for the design and the location of new wells in order to minimize water well interference and other problems. These guidelines should allow for review and comment on new well locations by Plan Area companies, districts, and the City of Fresno Water Department. 15. To coordinate well water quality testing activities among area grater purveyors. 16_. To assist water users outside the Plan Area in obtaining supplemental surface water entitlements from the State of California and the United States. Recommended Actions for Fresno Count The County of Fresno agrees to the following. I. To adopt a Groundwater Recharge Facilities Plan or Plans. This plan should be coordinated with other local agencies. 2. To petition the State Legislature to ,enact legislation allowing the management authority to levy replenishment and basin equity assessments and giving it other appropriate powers. 3. To prepare and adopt a Groundwater Recharge Ordinance to implement Government Code Section 66484..5 M (Groundwater Recharge Facilities). 4. To rezone potential recharge basins to an 'Open Conservation' District at the time the eater management authority determines the appropriate. location of groundwater recharge sites. 5. To adopt the water conservation measures enumerated in the lain for new construction b June 3Q I980 P Task 8). y (page 6 of Task 7, and page6 of 1-69 c 36 v,, 18 6. To review and amend the zoning ordinance to provide that all hand uses which represent potential water supply or wastewater problems be subject to hydrogeol ogi c review and mitigation procedures. Such procedure will allow elected officals the right to require special` conditions of approval related to wager conservation, waste disposal methods, etc. 7. To utilize the expertise of qualified groundwater professionals when monitoring groundwater quality. 8. To apply appropriate fl oodpl ai n zoning to all fl oodpl ai ns as designated by the U.S. Federal Insurance Administration. 9. To actively pursue with the F.M.F.C.U.. the securing of an E.P.A. grant to study the effects of groundwater quality of storm water disposal in flood control basins* 10. To make available all water quality information contained within the management plan to persons applying for water well drilling permits. 11. To amend its -building code to require closed toilet systems for all new development in septic tank areas with minimal groundwater. 12. To monitor groundwater quality in rural residential areas to determine the extent of degradation of groundwater by septic tanks.' If there is g unacceptable degradation, a determination and implementation of the structural measures necessary to eliminate degradation will be required. 13. To adopt the necessary land use policies to implement the groundwater management authority's land use strategy. 14. To regulate the location of wells in relationship to storm runoff basins to provide proper spacing between public -supply wells and storm runoff basins. Also, the depth and proximity to existing production welds of any disposal wells or shafts should be regal ated' 15. To provide in its Ordinance Code, standards to facilitate control of disposal wells and provide for greater protection of groundwater. Provisions should be made for the following: a. A qualified hydrogeologist should review the proposed well prior to approval mo r d b. Wells exceeding 5(3Cl feet in depth should be nl;�o e during drilling. 16. To apply necessary control measures to regulate wineries, raisin processing plants, and similar food processing facilities including but not limited to, the following where applicable: a. Utilization of larger land areas for disposal in order to decrease nitrogen loading. k E 1-70 took 36 0 114G 719 b. Require removal of leathers at the food processing facilities. c. Investigate the possibility of growing crops in the disposal fields in order to remove nitrogen. d. Evaluate trace elements in winery wastewater to determine -their affect on groundwater. If found to be detrimental to groundwater, procedures should be instituted to control these trace elements at the source e. Monitor discharges to determine their effect on groundwater.. 17. To apply necessary control measures in regulating industrial wastes including, but not limited to, the following. a. Lining of disposal or holding ponds with impermeable material. b. Controlling the amount of toxic materials at the source point, c. Monitoring of discharges and their effect on groundwater. 18. To work with other area purveyors to help develop guidelines for the design and the location of new wells in order to minimize water well - interference and other problems. These guidelines should allow for review and comment on new well locations b Plan Area companies,, y P districts, and the cities of Clovis and Fresno Water Departments 19. To coordinate well water quality testing activities among area water purveyors. 20. To assist water users outside the Plan Area in obtaining supplemental surface water entitlements from the State of California and the United Stages. Recommended Actions for the Fresno Metropolitan Area Flood Control District 1. To actively pursue with the County the securing of art E.P.A. grant to study the effects on groundwater quality of storm water disposal in flood control basins. 2. To develop a maintenance routine and/or collection system to remove pollutants from storm water basins if a determination is madethat said pollutants are adversely affecting groundwater quality. 3. To implement the following control measures in relationship to the location and development of its storm water basins a. To regulate ate the depth of excavation of storm runoff basins and 9 P the depth of associated recharge shafts should be controlled to provide a minimum depth to groundwater surface. The bottom of the basin or shaft should not extend within ten feet of the highest anticipated water level in the vicinity. 1 "l 417360m 0 720. b. To require special considerations in developing basins in or adjacent to areas of perched water. 4. To the extent consistent with the findings resulting from paragraph 1' above, continue and expand the use of district basins for recharge purposes. s 5. To coordinate basin design and location, when possible , with the groundwater management authority, 6. To assist water users outside. the Plan Area in obtaining supplemental surface water entitlements from the State of California and the United States, Recommended Actions .for the Fresno Irrigation District F.I.D. 1.. To assist the cities of Fresno and Clovis and the County of Fresno in implementing Government Code 66484.5 (Groundwater Recharge Facilities). 2. To continue and expand recharge agreements with the cities of Fresno and Clovis and all appropriate waterworks districts 3. To work with the cities Hof Fresno and Clovis in implementing a program to encourage utilization by agricultural users of surface water entitlements in lieu of pumped water. 4. To the maximum extent p osri bl e, without - jeopardi zi nq its agricultural water users, allow the tit i l i zat i on of its conveyance facilities for implementation of the �o est Management Plan. S. To line canals only if absolutely necessary for public health and safety and the integrity of its canal system. 6. To preserve canals, wherever feasible, for use by the management authority when no longer needed for agricultural uses. 7. To assist water users outside the Flan Area in obtaining supplemental surface water entitlements from the State of California and the United States, Recommended Actions for Area Water Purveyors County Waterworks Districts (other than those governed by the Board of Supervisors) , County plater Districts, and private water companies working in conjunction with the water' management agency should agree to implement the fol l owing 1. To help develop guidelines for the design and the location of new wells in order to minimize ze water well interference and other problems. This agreement should allow for review and comment of new well locations by Plan Area water companies, districts, and water departments, 1 --72 73 6 0 rr, 7 2� I 2. To coordinate well water quality. testing activities among area water purveyors. 3. Those waterworks districts, water districts, and private water companies who may be represented on the management authority through the Metropolitan Water Agencies Joint Cownittee in addition to the above, should agree to comply with the following: a. To institute a water conservation program by June 1 1980, 11with the objective of achieving significant reduction in per capita - water use outlined in City of Fresno s April`, 1977, rater Conservation Report. b. To expand recharge programs to the fullest extent possible consistent with water pumpage, Recommended Action for the Regional Water Quality Control Board 1. To apply necessary control measures to regulate wineries, raisin processing plants, and similar food processing facilities including but not limited to, the following, where applicable: a. Utilization of large land areas for disposal in order to decrease nitrogen loading. b. Require removal of leathers at the processing facility. c. Investigate the possibility of growing crops in the disposal fields in order tea remove nitrogen. d. Evaluate trace elements -in winery wastewater to determine their effect on groundwater. If found to be detrimental to groundwater, procedures should be instituted to control these trace elements at the source. e. Monitor discharge to determine their effect on groundwater. 2. To review its current groundwater monitoring program and seek ways in which to assure that testing procedures, including sampling and laboratory analysis work, are carried out in a manner that assures i maximum reliability. 3. To implement necessary control measures, including but not limited to regulating industrial wastes; as follows: a. Lining of disposal or holding ponds with impermeable material. b. Controlling the amount of toxic materials at the source point. C. Monitoring of discharges and their effect on groundwater. 4. To utilize the expertise of qualified groundwater processionals when . monitoring groundwater qual ity. 1�73 BOOK7360 5. To seek hydrogeologic expertise when evaluating conditional use permits and establishing solid and liquid waste discharge permits 6. To request the State stater Resources Control Board to petition the State Legislature to enact legislation allowing the management authority (regardless of form) to levy replenishment and basin equity assessments and giving it other appropriate powers 7. To keep the water management authority advised of funding available to implement plan objectives. Recommended Action for the U. . Environmental Protection A enc E.P.A. The E.P.A. agrees to implement the following: 1. To; provide funds to inventory injection wells., pits, ponds, and lagoons for the 'Plan Area. 2. To provide funds for a study of the effects on groundwater quality of storm water disposal in flood control basins, 3. To keep the water management authority advised of other funding available to implement plan objectives. 4. To pftvi de funding for well monitoring in relatively high ;nitrate areas where source of degradation apparently is not from domestic causes. Recommended Action for the State 'ge artment of Health To cooperate with the County Department 'of Health in making available all its data and: records on water quality in the Plan Area. CHAPTER. V I FINANCIAL COSTS OF PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Many of the costs of the management practices and techniques recommended for the various agencies can be absorbed by the agencies through their -current operations. In most cases it is just a question of task priorities among the agencies.. The following describes some of the best management practices that cannot be ` readily carried out due to financial and/or managerial constraints. The "meet and confer", process for developing area management cooperation has an unknown cost. The process will obviously require staffing. The County has estimated that a total of one -quarter person year will be required'. This includes the total time for all engineers, , clerks managers, analysts, and attorneys. If the other agencies assume commensurate roles, from one to one and one-half person years might be involved. The total costs to applicable agencies, therefore, might range 4 Book 736 0 � c= t r723 from $30,000'to $45,000. It is assumed that staffing costs would be for existing personnel Future plan implementation costs related to joint actions after the 'meet and confer" process will depend on the results of that process. If a 'Joint -Powers Agreement ensues, there would be need for a Coordinator. This was the past experience of the County Solid Waste Plan that resulted in the establishment of three Joint -Power Authorities. All agencies shared in the costs of the Coordinator and part-time -clerical staff, a total of about $30,000 a year. Each agency could internally absorb the costs of ether coordinated actions, probablywithout the need of additibnal personnel. The County and the two cities are to prepare and adopt a groundwater recharge facilities plan in accordance with the requrements of Government Code Section 66484.56 until a more detailed study is prepared indicating the need for such a plan, it is impossible to assess a cost for such recommendation. If a plan is needed, it could conceivably cost about $50,000. This cast could be shared by more than one of the agencies. Section 66464.5 provides for reimbursement of pan devel opuent costs by property owners who benefit The monitoring program recommended for storm water runoff basins is estimated to cost $250,000, an amount well beyond the financial capabilities of local agencies. The plan, therefore, recommends active pursuit of an E.P.A. Grant to finance this study. Results from such a study would benefit not only the Plan Area but other similar areas nationwide. The County's recommendation for more comprehensive groundwater monitoring for nitrates in existing wells carries an estimated cost of $33,500 a year beyond its present well testing program. This cost might be apportioned among other local agencies who would benefit fror{ such a study. Of a much larger magnitude is the cost of -providing site -specific special monitoring wells., Or. Schmidt in his Task 6 reports, recommends that a minimum of 12' such wells be developed at a cost of $2 600 each. Yearly costs of monitoring these wells in estimated to be $750 each. The capital cost will be $31,000 with annual costs thereafter of $9,000. mere such wolfs are necessary for monitoring an industrial operation, these costs should be imposed upon the industry. inhere there is a community -wide benefit in this type of monitoring, all benefited agencies should share the costs. w Costs related to recharging of water into the underground basins are presently paid by the two cities :and several of the waterworks districts. Costs are absorbed* by, water rates. The City of Fresno has determined the cost of recharge, including the cost of the land, to be $3.00 per acre foot If storm water basins are to be more extensively utilized,: costs would be somewhat of this same magnitude. If the proposed study to determine the effect of storm water recharge on groundwater quality shows that mitigating measures are necessary, this would also increase the -costs of recharge 1-7