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HomeMy WebLinkAbout202.014c - Confined Space Entry STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES MANUAL TACTICAL OPERATIONS 202.014c CONFINED SPACE ENTRY EFFECTIVE: OCTOBER 2007 Current Revision Date: 7/1/19 Next Revision Date: 7/1/22 Author’s Name/Rank: Justin Moore, Captain Review Level: 1 Administrative Suport: Sherrie L. Badertscher Management Analyst II PURPOSE To provide safe guidelines for operation in and around both confined spaces and permit required confined spaces, as defined by Cal/OSHA. APPLICATION The following policy applies to members of the Fresno Fire Department (FFD or Department) while working in or around confined spaces and permit and required confined spaces as defined by Cal/OSHA. Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations, Article 108 General Industry Safety Orders, states a confined space is: 1. Large enough and so configured, that personnel can bodily enter and perform assigned work. 2. Limited or restricted means for entry or exit. 3. Not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Permit Required Confined Space Defined A confined space has one (1) or more of the following: 1. Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere. 2. Contains a material which has the potential for engulfing an entrant. 3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor, which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section. Section 202.014c Page 1 of 13 4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. OPERATIONAL POLICY When working in or around a permit required confined space, all members will refrain from entering the space unless trained as an entrant and abiding by the following requirements: The space and all hazards have been evaluated. The proper mitigations have been applied for all hazards. The atmosphere of the space has been monitored. Isolation of the space has been evaluated. Ventilation of the space has been evaluated. A confined space rescue entry permit has been completed and signed by a qualified supervisor (See: Fresno Fire Department Confined Space Rescue Entry Permit). OPERATIONAL GUIDELINE The following should be used as reference for life safety or recovery operations in a permit required confined space. All confined spaces involving an emergency should be considered permit required. Typical Assignment 1. One (1) Engine Company. 2. One (1) Truck Company. 3. Rescue 11. 4. Engine 11. 5. Truck 11. 6. HazMat 1 or 52. 7. Battalion chief. Section 202.014c Page 2 of 13 8. One (1) ambulance. Personal Protective Equipment Protective clothing is to be worn as required by the situation, depending on evaluation of the hazards and the products, which may be inside the confined space. The following is the appropriate level of protection to be utilized in confined spaces: 1. Steel-toed boots. 2. Long pants, long shirt, gloves. 3. Eye protection. 4. Helmet. A higher level of protective clothing may be utilized at the direction of the group supervisor, if conditions warrant. 1. Protective equipment. a. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or supplied air breathing (SAR). i. SCBA or SAR are to be utilized without exception in confined spaces until or unless analysis of the atmosphere confirms it is safe to breathe. Command Structure The first officer to arrive at the scene should assume command of the incident and is to be the incident commander until relieved by a higher-ranking or more qualified officer. First Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) officer to arrive at the scene should assume the role of rescue group supervisor and entry supervisor. Primary Assessment 1. Scene safety. a. Are members and others in the area in a safe location? Section 202.014c Page 3 of 13 i. Upwind. ii. Away from any hazards. iii. Establish command post in a safe area. iv. Prevent entry of unauthorized personnel. 2. What happened? What events led up to the rescue/recover problem? a. Find a witness or entry supervisor and keep him/her with you. b. Be alert to obvious signs of mechanical or structural failure. 3. Is a confined space permit available? a. Obtain SDS if available. 4. What is the condition of the victim(s)? a. Level of consciousness. b. Injuries. c. How long since last contact. d. Multiple victims. e. Distance from the opening. 5. Rescue or a recovery? a. Perform a survival profile assessment. b. Perform a risk analysis. First-Arriving Company Upon arrival, the first company is to use extreme caution in assessing the situation. Statistics reveal that 60 percent of confined space deaths are would-be rescuers. The company officer is to establish command and initiate the following actions: 1. Isolate and deny further entry into the confined space. Section 202.014c Page 4 of 13 2. Establish communications with the attendant and victim as soon as possible. 3. Attempt non-entry rescue. a. Are on-site retrieval devices available? b. Is the victim already attached to a retrieval line? c. Lower life rope to conscious victim. 4. Ventilate atmosphere. a. Using on-scene ventilation equipment. b. Lower SCBA and mask to conscious victim. 5. Secure and isolate any possible mechanical, electrical, atmosphere, and/or engulfment hazards 6. Consider need for additional equipment. a. Balance of US&R assignment (if not already dispatched). b. Hazardous materials team for atmospheric monitoring. c. Special calling additional units if multiple victims are involved. d. Mutual aid resources available (Fresno County Fire Protection District Tech Rescue Team). Secondary Assessment Before any attempt to enter a confined space is initiated, command must determine as much information as possible regarding the configuration and hazards of the confined space. 1. What type of confined space is this? 2. Types of products stored in or pass through the space. 3. Hazards to rescuers and victims. a. Atmospheres. b. Mechanical. Section 202.014c Page 5 of 13 c. Electrical. d. Engulfment. 4. Exact location and confirmed number of victims. 5. Interior description of the space. 6. Entry and exit points of the space. 7. Structural stability of the space. First-Arriving US&R Company Upon arrival, establish communications with command, reassess the situation, and establish rescue group supervisor as well as entry supervisor. 1. Perform a survival profile and risk assessment. 2. Designate an attendant and ensure the entry of the space in monitored. 3. Monitor the atmosphere of the space and surrounding area. 4. Reengineer the space through ventilation or other means. 5. Create an incident action plan and complete the entry permit. Chief Officer Upon arrival, the battalion chief should: 1. Consult with the incident commander regarding status of incident. 2. Assume command of incident. 3. Redirect strategy mode as required. 4. Consider additional resources. 5. Direct or redirect actions of on-scene companies. 6. Direct or redirect actions of incoming companies. 7. Provide logistical support. Section 202.014c Page 6 of 13 8. Establish rehabilitation/rotation of companies as necessary. Special-Call/Multiple-Alarm Companies Unless otherwise directed, officers of special-called or multiple-alarm companies are to stage apparatus well clear of incident site and report to the incident commander for instructions. Pre-Confined Space Entry The following are all tasks which may be required both prior and during entry. The following will require both equipment and personnel to complete the objectives: 1. Complete a Confined Space Rescue Entry Permit. 2. Assign a rescue group supervisor (entry supervisor) and entry attendant. 3. Ventilation of the space. a. The type of ventilation system will be determined by the hazards in the confined space. b. Ventilation should begin as soon as possible. c. Be aware of gas stratification. d. Vapor density of any suspected gases. e. Where is the confined space atmosphere being ventilated to? 4. Monitoring the space and surrounding area. a. Utilize the hazardous materials (HazMat) team if possible. 5. Medical and rehab. a. Coordinate with ambulance provider. 6. Rigging. 7. Communications. a. Determine communication plan and implement. Section 202.014c Page 7 of 13 b. Communications between groups should be face-to-face as much as possible. c. Hardwire system is preferred. d. Radios may be utilized if intrinsically safe and reliable. e. Voice communications should only be utilized if the entrants can easily be heard through their SCBA masks. f. Rope signals (O.A.T.H.). OK 1 tug ADVANCE 2 tugs TAKE UP 3 tugs HELP 4 tugs 8. Air supply. a. 300 foot maximum air hose is the supplied air used. b. Establish cache of full bottles near the manifold. c. Air supply should never be left unattended while members are on umbilical air. 9. Decontamination. a. Consider the use of the HazMat team to determine need and level of decontamination needed. 10. Isolate the confined space. a. Blank, disconnect, and bleed any lines, which could pose a hazard within the space. b. Perform property lock-out/tag out procedures relative to power and machinery posing a hazard to the space. c. Isolate space from all power sources. 11. Prepare the confined space. a. Flush the space to remove any toxic or corrosives. b. Ventilate with fresh air to reduce atmospheric hazards. Section 202.014c Page 8 of 13 c. Purge the space with an inert gas to prevent fires or explosions when necessary. 12. Protect the confined space. a. Place barricades and signs around the entrance to alert others of the entry. b. Post the signed permit in a visible location or have it available for review. 13. Conduct pre-entry briefing. c. Each group should be advised of expected task/s. d. Each group should be advised of emergency procedures. e. Each group should be provided a site briefing. f. All entrants should be advised of all hazards in the space, the signs and symptoms of exposure to the hazards, and the mitigations being taken for each hazard. Confined Space Entry 1. Complete and sign entry permit. a. Note entry time. 2. Have a minimum of one (1) back up rescue. 3. Have a minimum of at least one (1) back up personnel available. 4. First aid and packaging. a. Complete a brief assessment of injuries. b. Be aware of injuries and package as appropriate. c. Protect C-spine as space allows. d. Bring respiratory protection for the victim if possible and appropriate. e. Use caution in the use of oxygen therapy in the space. Section 202.014c Page 9 of 13 5. Decontamination. a. For entrants and victims as appropriate. 6. Transfer victim(s) to medical group for further care and transportation. 7. Secure incident. a. Complete and cancel the entry permit. i. Forward canceled permit to the Department’s Training and Support Division. ii. Must stay on file for at least one (1) year. b. Notify OSHA as appropriate. c. Leave equipment in place if needed for investigation. d. Consider a debriefing for rescue members. e. Post incident analysis is to be conducted. Support Functions 1. General site monitoring. a. Monitor the general site area to assure support members outside of the confined space are safe. b. Perimeter monitoring should be conducted to maintain the integrity of the hot, warm, and cold zones. 2. Confined space monitoring as follows: a. Immediately outside of the confined space. b. Immediately inside the opening without opening the cover if possible. c. Inside the confined space every four (4) feet. 3. Personal monitoring. a. The first entrant is to monitor the atmosphere. Section 202.014c Page 10 of 13 b. Test the space at frequent intervals, no longer than five (5) minutes. c. Readings can be read to the attendant to record. 4. Monitor must be configured to meet OSHA specifications as follows: a. Have an audio alarm. b. Be calibrated to 10 percent of the LEL of the celebrate gas. c. Alarm set at the following: i. Oxygen below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent. ii. Flammability at 10 percent. iii. Toxicity CO at 35 ppm. iv. (4) Hydrogen sulfide at 10 ppm. 5. Industry personnel may not enter any atmosphere exceeding the above limits. 6. Properly trained and outfitted rescuers may enter a space exceeding these limits if the rescue group supervisor permits. 7. Retrieval systems. a. Establish an anchor point. i. Tripod. ii. Aerial ladder. iii. Follow loading guidelines. iv. Beware of apparatus exhaust. v. Do not move ladder once ropes are under load. vi. Ladder A-frame/Ladder jig. b. Retrieval line. i. Every rescuer in the space must wear a retrieval line. ii. Retrieval line may only be removed if it further endangers the rescuer. Section 202.014c Page 11 of 13 c. Harness. i. Must be Type III (full body) with attachment point behind the head at shoulders. d. Lower haul systems. i. Mechanical advantage systems must be available for all spaces with a five (5) foot or greater elevation change. 8. Lighting. a. Lighting should be provided for all nighttime operations. b. Portable lighting can be provided by all Department trucks and Rescue 11 as well as HM 1 and 52. c. Headlamps are on all Department trucks in the OES box and Rescue 11. d. Light sticks are on all Department trucks in the OES box and Rescue 11. INFORMATION This section intentionally left blank. DEFINITIONS This section intentionally left blank. CROSS-REFERENCES Title 8 of the Code of Regulations Section 5157, General Industry Safety Orders Section 202.014c Page 12 of 13 FRESNO FIRE DEPARMENT CONFINED SPACE RESCUE ENTRY PERMIT This permit is to be completed and remain at the rescue site for the duration of the rescue operation. Canceled permit is to be retained by the Training Division for one year. Incident No: Date/Time: Resources: Location of Confined Space: Use of Confined Space: Potential Hazards: Work to be Performed: Duration of Permit: ATMOSHPERIC MONITORING/CONDITIONS RECORD Time % Oxygen %LEL %H2S %CO Other Initial PRE-ENTRY CHECKLIST o Operations Perimeter ________________________________ o Lines Broken, Capped, Blanked ________________________________ o Lock-Out/Tag-Out Hazards ________________________________ o Protective Clothing ________________________________ o Respiratory Protection ________________________________ o Communications ________________________________ o Ventilation ________________________________ o Retrieval Systems ________________________________ o Entry Supervisor ________________________________ o Pre-Entry Briefing ________________________________ o Attendants ________________________________ Entry Time: __________ Exit Time: __________ Permit Termination Time: __________ Entry Team Name: __________________________ Entry_________ Exit_________ Entry________ Exit_________ Name: __________________________ Entry_________ Exit_________ Entry________ Exit_________ Back Up Team Name: __________________________ Entry_________ Exit_________ Entry________ Exit_________ Name: __________________________ Entry_________ Exit_________ Entry________ Exit_________ SECTION 202.014c ATTACHMENT